Social Learning: Imitation

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on Theory of Mind and Social Learning, focusing on the development of social understanding in infants and children.

What is the approximate age infants start to understand others' goals and preferences?

Around 5-9 months.

At what age do children begin to pass Diverse Desires ToM tasks?

Approximately 2.5 years.

What is one possible reason infants pass false-belief tasks?

They may be using lower-level tricks to make inferences about others.

What are the two major theories regarding children's failure in false-belief tasks?

Fundamental-change theory and Processing-load theory.

What is the implication of training children on verbal ToM tasks?

It can increase lying behavior in children.

What is the Developing System Account in relation to Theory of Mind?

It suggests that infants have an implicit understanding of mental states that becomes more robust with age.

What is social learning?

The process through which individuals learn from observing others.

What are the key components of observational learning?

Attention, encoding, storing, retrieving, and acting on information.

What was the main finding from Hanna & Meltzoff (1993) regarding peer imitation?

Toddlers are more likely to imitate peer models compared to adult models.

What effect do angry observers have on imitation behavior in infants?

Infants are less likely to imitate in the presence of angry observers.

At what age are infants capable of deferred imitation according to Meltzoff (1988)?

As young as 14 months.

What learning method involves learning through conditioning and reinforcement?

Trial-and-error learning.

What type of learning is characterized by engaging in novel actions after a delay?

Deferred imitation.