KINE 3050: Torque & Force Movement
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These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to torque, levers, forces, stability, and movement concepts discussed in KINE 3050.
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47 Terms
Torque
A measure of the rotational force applied to an object.
Eccentric Force
A force that doesn't act through the center of mass of an object, producing rotational movement.
Moment Arm
The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force.
Fulcrum
The pivot point around which a lever rotates.
Mechanical Advantage
The ratio of the moment arm distance of the internal force to the moment arm distance of the external force.
Class 1 Lever
A lever where the fulcrum is positioned between the load and the effort.
Class 2 Lever
A lever where the load is between the fulcrum and the effort.
Class 3 Lever
A lever where the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load.
Center of Mass
The point where the entire mass of an object is assumed to be concentrated.
Center of Gravity
The point where the mass is evenly distributed and where the force of gravity acts.
Stability
The resistance to disruption of equilibrium; the ability to return to the original position after displacement.
Base of Support
The area within the perimeter of each point of contact with the ground.
Balance
The ability to control equilibrium.
Line of Action
An imaginary line of indefinite length drawn along the direction of the force.
Gravitational Force
The force exerted by gravity, acting downward through the center of mass.
Inertia
The resistance of an object to any change in its state of motion.
Distance of Body Above Base
The vertical distance of the body's center of gravity from the base of support.
Rotational Movement
Movement around an axis.
Perpendicular Distance
The distance measured at a right angle from the line of action to the point of rotation.
Torque
A measure of the rotational force applied to an object.
Eccentric Force
A force that doesn't act through the center of mass of an object, producing rotational movement.
Moment Arm
The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force.
Fulcrum
The pivot point around which a lever rotates.
Mechanical Advantage
The ratio of the moment arm distance of the internal force to the moment arm distance of the external force.
Class 1 Lever
A lever where the fulcrum is positioned between the load and the effort.
Class 2 Lever
A lever where the load is between the fulcrum and the effort.
Class 3 Lever
A lever where the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load.
Center of Mass
The point where the entire mass of an object is assumed to be concentrated.
Center of Gravity
The point where the mass is evenly distributed and where the force of gravity acts.
Stability
The resistance to disruption of equilibrium; the ability to return to the original position after displacement.
Base of Support
The area within the perimeter of each point of contact with the ground.
Balance
The ability to control equilibrium.
Line of Action
An imaginary line of indefinite length drawn along the direction of the force.
Gravitational Force
The force exerted by gravity, acting downward through the center of mass.
Inertia
The resistance of an object to any change in its state of motion.
Distance of Body Above Base
The vertical distance of the body's center of gravity from the base of support.
Rotational Movement
Movement around an axis.
Perpendicular Distance
The distance measured at a right angle from the line of action to the point of rotation.
Equilibrium
A state where all forces or torques acting on an object are balanced, resulting in no change in motion (either at rest or moving at a constant velocity).
Static Equilibrium
An object at rest with no net forces or torques acting upon it.
Dynamic Equilibrium
An object moving at a constant velocity with no net forces or torques acting upon it.
Force Couple
Two equal, opposite, and non-collinear forces that produce a pure rotational effect.
Work
The product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which it is applied in the direction of the force. Expressed as W = F \cdot d.
Power
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Expressed as P = W / t.
Velocity
The rate of change of an object's position with respect to time, including direction. Expressed as v = \Delta x / \Delta t.
Acceleration
The rate of change of an object's velocity with respect to time. Expressed as a = \Delta v / \Delta t.
Moment of Inertia
A measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion. It depends on the mass distribution relative to the axis of rotation.