Motor development theories and principles

Neural-Maturationist theory

Functional behaviors appear as nervous system matures
Centralized by the CNS development
Peds developed off this theory

Cognitive theories (behavioral)

Reinforcement from environment as the motivator of motor/cognitive development
Environment is the determinant factor

Cognitive theories (piagetian)

Problem-solving activities (exploration and play, big component)

Dynamical systems theory

Combination of mechanical, neurological, cognitive, and perceptual factors and the environment
Everything plays an equal role in development

Gross to fine principle

Big movements develop before fine movements

Proximal to distal principle

Trunk, shoulders, hips develop before fingers and toes

Cephalocaudal principle

Development goes from head to toe

Automatic to voluntary principle

Movements are automatic
Voluntary comes from non integrates changing automatic movements

Stability vs mobility principle

Need to be stable to be able to move

Symmetrical vs asymmetrical principle

At beginning, movements occur in pairs (both arms move together), then can move more independently
Babies head is asymmetrical at the beginning
Extremities are more symmetrical