Anatomy Lab Exam 1 - Histology

basement membrane

Found between the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue

simple, stratified, glandular

3 types of epithelial tissues

simple squamous epithelium

located in alveolar sacs, lining blood vessels, forming capillaries

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells

simple cuboidal epithelium

lines kidney tubules and ducts of some glands

simple cuboidal epithelium

large rounded centrally located nucleus is a characteristic of this tissue

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

cell shape is square or rounded

absorption, secretion, re-absorption

simple cuboidal epithelium functions

simple columnar epithelium

lines GI tract, small intestines and colon

simple columnar epithelium

Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together

villi

multicellular finger-like projections on simple columnar epithelium; increase surface area for absorption

microvilli

extensions of the plasmalemma from apical surface of cell; increase surface area for absorption

mucin (when mixed with water it forms mucus)

goblet cells secrete

simple columnar epithelium

goblet cells found in

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

secretion and absorption

simple columnar epithelium functions

stratified squamous epithelium

protection

function of stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized and non-keratinized

2 types of stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

forms the epidermis

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

lines moist surface; oral cavity, esophagus, vagina

transitional epithelum

cells of the superficial layer arecalled "dome" cells dueto their rounded apical surfaces

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

found in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi; cilia are at apical surface

transitional epithelum

Forms the lining of the renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder

Stretching & recoiling

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

all cells originate at basement membrane and not all cells reach the free surface; nuclei appear to be layered

transitional epithelum

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Glandular Epithelium

Pancreatic islets

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial

note the goblet cell

Pancreatic islets

secrete insulin & glucagon

endocrine and digestion

Glandular Epithelium function

digestive enzymes

Glandular Epithelium contains acinar cells which secrete

Connective Tissue

Most abundant tissue type in the body

Connective Tissue

Binds, protects and supports organs and forms the framework of the body

exposed surfaces of body

Connective tissue is not found on

Connective Tissue

Consists of cells in an extracellular matrix

Extracellular fibers, Non-fibrous ground substance, Extracellular fluid

extracellular matrix consists of

Connective Tissue Proper, Supporting Connective Tissue, Fluid Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue three categories

loose and dense

Connective Tissue Proper has 2 subcategories

areolar, adipose, reticular

loose connective tissue categories

tendons, ligaments, elastic tissue

dense connective tissue categories

bone and cartilage

Supporting Connective Tissue categories

blood and lymph

Fluid Connective Tissue categories

extra-cellular protein fibers, specialized cells, an acellular ground substance that may be fluid, gelatinous, or calcified

Connective Tissue has three basic components:

matrix

Ground substance & extra-cellular protein fibers constitute the

Areolar Connective Tissue

adeventitia

outermost layer of a blood vessel wall; found in areolar conn tissue

Areolar Connective Tissue

found in the stroma (supportig tissue) of organs and glands; Serosal linings of organ cavities

Areolar Connective Tissue

Papillary layer of Dermis (the layer of dermis containing the dermal papillae)

Adipose Connective Tissue

found in eye sockets, breasts, Inter-Abdominally and Subcutaneously in waist, hips & thigh and surrounding major organs

torage of fats (triglycerides) as energy support, protection, shock absorption and insulation

Adipose Connective Tissue funtion

Adipose Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Found in reticular dermis (lower layer of dermis), perichondrium (around cartilage not in a joint), sheaths of nerves, capsules of organs

provides strength and resistance to stress

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue function

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Purple dots are the nuclei of fibroblasts

tendons, ligaments

Dense Regular Connective Tissue found in

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

composed of regularly arranged collagen fibers

walls of aorta, large arteries, and some ligaments

Elastic Connective Tissue is found in

Elastic Connective Tissue

Elastic Connective Tissue

provide strong connection between bone to muscle or bone to bone

Dense Regular Connective Tissue function

Bone Connective Tissue

haversian canal

is located in the center of each Osteon & contains blood vessels & nerves

lamellae

the calcified matrix arranged in concentric rings around a Haversian canal

lacunae

contain osteocytes (dark spots between lamellae)

canaliculi

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

bone connective tissue

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

a translucent, glass-like (hyaline) smooth substance with a firm consistency

fetal skeleton, trachea, epiphyseal discs, bronchi, larynx, end of ribs

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue found in

chondrocytes

Presents one or more (commonly doublets) ___ located in a lacuna surrounded by a perichondrium

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

Blood-Connective Tissue

skeletal (voluntary), cardiac, smooth (involuntary)

3 types of muscle tissue

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Cross-banding of overlapping fibers of actin & myosin;

Nuclei are peripheral, Multinucleated, Striated

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle

cross section of

fascicle

In a cross section of Skeletal Muscle, one ____ contains several muscle fibers (cells)

myofibrils

in the Cross Section of Skeletal Muscle, inside each fiber are

cardiac muscle tissue

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

characteristics include:

-mono-nucleated

-striated

-cells are branched

-intercalated discs

-involuntary

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

characteristics include:

- mono-nucleated

- non-striated "spindle shaped" cells

- involuntary

Smooth Muscle Tissue

found in hollow organs of the digestive, vascular, and reproductive systems

Nervous Tissue

found primarily in the brain and spinal cord; exhibits sensitivity to stimulation

neurons and neuroglial cells

two types of nervous tissue

neurons

conductive cells

support cells

neuroglial cells

Cross-Section of Spinal Cord

grey matter

nerve cell bodies

white matter

bundles of axons

dorsal horns

Synapses the 2nd order sensory neurons (afferent)

Ventral horns

Cell bodies of motor neurons

neuron

skin

organ composed of epithelium covering connective tissue with nerves and blood supply