pam2lin end of sem exam (all content)

which layer?

which layer?

layer 1 (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi)

which layer?

layer 2 (quadratus plantae, lumbricals 1-4, flexor hallucis longus & flexor digitorum longus tendons)

which layer?

layer 3 (flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis transverse and oblique heads, flexor hallucis brevis)

which layer?

layer 4 (plantar interossei and dorsal interossei)

keystone examples

navicular, calcaneus, talus

staples examples

short plantar ligament, long plantar ligament, calcaneonavicular ligament

tie beam examples

tendon of flexor hallucis longus

suspension examples

peroneus longus

medial longitudinal arch

highest arch. calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, first 3 metatarsals.

lateral longitudinal arch

calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals.

transverse arch of foot

cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals. travels across foot.

identify these muscles

1. flexor digitorum brevis

2. abductor digiti minimi

3. abductor hallucis

identify these muscles and tendons

1. lumbricles

2. quadratus plantae

3. flexor hallucis longus tendon

4. flexor digitorum longus tendon

identify these muscles

1. flexor hallucis brevis

2. flexor digiti minimi brevis

3. adductor hallucis transverse head

4. adductor hallucis oblique head

identify these muscles

1. plantar interossei (3PAd)

2. dorsal interossei (4DAb)

identify these tendons

1. peroneus tertius tendon

2. extensor digitorum longus tendon

3. tibialis anterior tendon

4. extensor hallucis longus tendon

identify these bones

1. phalanges

2. metatarsals

3. cuneiforms

4. navicular

identify these bones and bony landmarks

1. talus

2. calcaneus

3. cuboid

4. calcaneal tuberosity

identify these bones

1. calcaneus

2. talus

3. cuboid

4. metatarsals

identify these bones

1. navicular

2. cuneiform

3. proximal phalanges

4. middle phalanges

5. distal phalanges

identify these joints

1. talocalcaneonavicular

2. subtalar

3. talocalcaneal

4. talocrural/ankle

identify these joints

1. talonavicular joint

2. cuneonavicular joint

3. tarsometatarsal joint

4. metatarsophalangeal joint

5. proximal interphalangeal joint

   (not shown in pic: distal interphalangeal joint is the last joint in toes 2-5)

name the 4 main arteries of the foot

anterior tibial, dorsalis pedis, perforating, arcuate.

(Ants Taste Delicious Pies and Perform Acrobatics)

identify this lobe

frontal lobe

identify this lobe

parietal lobe

identify this lobe

occipital lobe

identify this structure

cerebellum

identify this structure

brain stem

identify this lobe

temporal lobe

identify these structures

1. precentral gyrus/primary motor cortex

2. central sulcus

3. postcentral gyrus/primary somatosensory cortex

identify these sections of the brainstem

1. hypothalamus

2. pons

3. thalamus

4. midbrain

5. medulla oblongata

identify these arteries

1. anterior communicating

2. anterior cerebral

3. middle cerebral

4. internal carotid

identify these arteries

1. posterior communicating

2. posterior cerebral

3. basilar

4. vertebral

identify structures 1&2

1. gracile tubercles

2. cunate tubercles

identify structures 1&2

1. fasciculus cuniatus

2. fasciculus gracilis

identify 1&2

1. pyramids

2. olives

which sensory pathway is displayed here?

dorsal column medial lemniscus (general sensation)

where is the cell body of the 1st order neuron (GSA) located in the DCML pathway?

dorsal root ganglion

where is the cell body of 2nd order neuron located in the DCML pathway?

tubercles

where is the cell body of 3rd order neuron located in the DCML pathway?

thalamus

the tubercle/fasciculus that the neuron travels through in the DCML pathway, depending on location of original receptor. 1&2?

1. cunate

2. gracile

which sensory pathway is displayed here?

lateral spinal thalamic pathway (pain and temperature)

where is the cell body of the 1st order neuron located in the lateral spinothalamic pathway?

dorsal root ganglion

where is the cell body of the 2nd order neuron located in the lateral spinothalamic pathway?

the dorsal horn

where is the cell body of the 3rd order neuron located in the lateral spinothalamic pathway?

thalamus

what pathway is this?

lateral corticospinal pathway (motor pathway)

where is the cell body of the lower motor neuron located in the lateral corticospinal pathway?

the ventral horn

where is the cell body of the upper motor neuron located in the lateral corticospinal pathway?

primary motor cortex

where does decussation occur in the lateral corticospinal pathway?

in the pyramids. pyramidal decussation.

where does decussation occur in the dorsal column ML pathway, and with which order neuron?

the tubercles. 2nd order neuron.

where does decussation occur in the lateral spinothalamic pathway, and with which order neuron?

at level of spinal cord. 2nd order neuron.

identify structures 1-5

1. sacrum

2. ilium

3. pubis

4. ischium

5. obturator foramen

identify structures 1-4

1. sacrospinous ligament

2. ischial spine

3. ischiopubic ramus

4. sacrotuberous ligament

identify structures 1-4

1. posterior sacroiliac ligament

2. greater sciatic foramen

3. sacrospinous ligament

4. lesser sciatic foramen

identify the RED and GREEN structures

red = pelvic inlet

green = pelvic outlet

identify structures 1-5

1. iliac crest

2. sacro-iliac joint

3. pelvic brim

4. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

5. anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

identify structures 1-4

1. ischial spine

2. superior ramus of pubis

3. obturator foramen

4. ischial tuberosity

identify structures 1-3

1. inferior ramus of pubis

2. pubic symphysis

3. pubic arch

identify structures 1-5

1. ilium

2. acetabulum

3. ischium

4. pubic crest

5. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

identify structures 1-4

1. iliac crest

2. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

3. anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

4. arcuate line

identify structures 1-5

1. superior ramus of pubis

2. pubic crest

3. body of pubis

4. inferior ramus of pubis

5. obturator foramen

identify structures 1-5

1. ischial spine

2. lesser sciatic notch

3. ischial tuberosity

4. ischial ramus

5. ischiopubic ramus

identify structures 1-5

1. ilium tuberosity

2. auricular surface

3. posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

4. posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

5. greater sciatic notch

identify ligaments 1-4

1. anterior longitudinal ligament

2. iliolumbar ligament

3. anterior sacro-iliac ligament

4. posterior sacro-iliac ligament

identify structures 1-5

1. sacrotuberous ligament

2. sacrospinous ligament

3. anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

4. posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

5. obturator membrane

identify structures 1-3

1. urinary bladder

2. prostate

3. prostatic urethra

identify structures 1-3

1. corpus cavernosum

2. corpus spongiosum

3. spongy urethra

identify structures 1-3

1. root of penis

2. body of penis

3. glans penis

identify structures 1-4

1. corpora cavernosa

2. spongy urethra

3. corpus spongiosum

4. deep fascia

identify structures 1-4

1. mons pubis

2. glans clitoris

3. frenulum of clitoris

4. labium majus

identify structures 1-5

1. external urethral orifice

2. labium minus

3. vaginal orifice

4. frenulum of labia minora

5. anus

identify structures 1-4

1. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

2. anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

3. rectus femoris (direct head)

4. iliofemoral ligament

identify structures 1-4

1. greater trochanter

2. inter-trochanteric line

3. lesser trochanter

4. obturator nerve

identify structures 1-4

1. acetabular labrum

2. head of femur

3. obturator externus

4. pubic tubercle

identify structures 1-4

1. sacrotuberous ligament

2. ischiofemoral ligament

3. rectus femoris (reflected head)

4. iliofemoral ligament

identify structures 1-5

1. orbicular zone

2. neck of femur

3. intertrochanteric crest

4. psoas major

5. lesser trochanter

identify structures 1-5

1. sacrospinous ligament

2. ischial spine

3. obturator internus tendon (reflected)

4. obturator internus bursa

5. (course of) obturator externus

identify structures 1-4

1. articular cartilage

2. head of femur

3. fovea (for ligament of head of femur)

4. greater trochanter

identify structures 1-4

1. ligament of head of femur

2. neck of femur

3. fibrous layer of joint capsule (cut)

4. lesser trochanter

identify structures 1-5

1. lunate surface (of acetabulum)

2. fat pad (in acetabular fossa)

3. acetabular labrum

4. transverse acetabular ligament

5. obturator artery

identify structures 1-5

1. subcutaneous tissue

2. iliotibial tract

3. fascia lata (part of deep fascia)

4. deep/crural fascia (part of deep fascia)

5. bursae

identify structures 1-4

1. tensor fasciae latae

2. gluteus maximus

3. iliotibial tract

4. piriformis

identify structures 1-4

1. gluteus medius

2. sciatic nerve

3. gluteus maximus (cut)

4. quadratus femoris

identify structures 1-5

1. iliac crest

2. gluteus maximus (cut)

3. gluteus medius (cut)

4. gluteus minimus (cut)

5. piriformis

identify structures 1-4

1. tendon of obturator internus

2. sacrospinous ligament

3. sacrotuberous ligament

4. quadratus femoris

identify structures 1-5

1. sacrospinous ligament

2. capsule of hip joint

3. tendon of piriformis

4. trochanteric fossa

5. sacrotuberous ligament

identify structures 1-5

1. superior gemellus

2. obturator internus

3. inferior gemellus

4. obturator externus

5. obturator internus (inside pelvis)

identify structures 1-4?

1. posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

2. superior gluteal artery and nerve

3. gluteus minimus

4. piriformis

identify structures 1-4

1. gluteus medius

2. sciatic nerve

3. obturator internus and gemelli

4. obturator externus

identify structures 1-4

1. quadratus femoris

2. gluteus maximus

3. biceps femoris, short head

4. biceps femois, long head

identify structures 1-5

1. sacrotuberous ligament

2. inferior gluteal nerve and artery

3. biceps femoris, long head

4. semitendinosus

5. semimembranosus

identify structures 1-5

1. adductor magnus

2. gracilis

3. semimembranosus

4. semitendinosus

5. biceps femoris, long head

flexors cross ___________ to the hip joint

anterior

extensors cross _________ to the hip joint

posterior

abductors cross _________ to the hip joint

lateral

adductors cross _______ to the hip joint

medial

medial rotators cross ________ and _________ to the hip joint

anterior and horizontal

lateral rotators cross _______ to the hip joint

oblique

flexor muscle(s) of the hip:

iliopsoas

extensor muscle(s) of the hip:

gluteus maximus