Animal Behavior Lecture Notes Review

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing animal behavior lecture notes.

Body Play

Exploring one's own body

Object Play

Interacting with items in the environment

The concept of the Critical Period was introduced by

Lorenz

Long-lasting and flexible period

Sensitive Period

Period that Results in imprinting

Critical Period

Period that occurs independently of the environmental stimulus

Critical Period

Period that is consistent in duration within and between species

Critical Period

Period that is sharply defined and short in duration

Critical Period

Sensitive Period

Period that results in behaviors that can be reversed or lost

Sexual imprinting

Learning the characteristics of a desirable mate

Maternal Responsiveness Stage

Responding to the presence of young

Ovophile mouthbrooding

Holding eggs in the mouth for safety

Smoltification

When salmon imprint on their natal stream

Endogenous clock

A clock determined by genes

Entrainment

Ability to adjust to environmental cues

Free-running clock

Continues in absence of environmental cues

Endogenous Clock

Clock influenced by environment but regulated by physiology

Infradian

Rhythms longer than 24 hours

Circalunar

A biological clock with a 29.5-day cycle

Hypothalamus

Brain region is the master biological clock

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Nucleus in the hypothalamus is the actual master clock

Cortisol

Hormone that regulates biological clocks and is made in the adrenal cortex

Piloting

Using landmarks to find one's way

True navigation

Returning from unfamiliar locations

Vector navigation

Traveling a fixed distance/time using compass orientation

Path integration

Using learned routes for return journeys

Natal dispersal

Leaving birth location upon maturity

Natal philopatry

Staying in birth location upon maturity

Natal Habitat Preference Induction

Choosing habitat based on early experience

Comparison tactic

Visiting multiple sites and choosing best

Residency

Staying in selected new home range

Two-way migration

Leaving and returning

Obligate migration

All population members migrate

Irruption

Irregular movement due to environment

Frugivore

Fruit eater

Graminivore

Grass eater

Mucivore

Plant fluid eater

Aggressive mimicry

Mimicking signals to capture prey

Optimal Foraging Theory

Maximize net energy per time

E/h

Energy per handling time

Foraging innovation

New food/foraging method

Interference competition

Competitors prevent access

Masquerade

Looking like an uninteresting object

Disruptive coloration

Breaks up outline of body

Counter-illumination

Light matching bright background

Dazzle pattern

Confuses predators during movement

Decoration behavior

Using materials to hide outline

Batesian mimicry

Harmless mimics harmful

Mullerian mimicry

Harmful species share warning signals

Aposematism

Warning of unprofitability

Autotomy

Losing a body part

Dilution effect

More individuals = less chance of predation

Confusion effect

Predator can't target one prey

Intrasexual selection

Competition among same sex

Mating plugs

Male secretions that block other males

Cryptic female choice

Female selects sperm post-mating

Sexual conflict

Evolutionary interests differ by sex