Module_8_-_Respiratory

Rasmussen University - Topeka, KS Pathophysiology Class Fall 2024

Gas Exchange

Gas Exchange

The process through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the bloodstream.

Ventilation

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Lung compliance

The ability of the lungs to stretch and expand during breathing.

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

A test that measures lung volumes and air flow to assist in diagnosing respiratory conditions.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A group of lung diseases characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A severe lung condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the alveoli, leading to respiratory failure.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural space, which can cause lung collapse.

Asthma

A chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and airway obstruction.

Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs.

Influenza

A viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms like fever, cough, and body aches.

Surfactant

A lipoprotein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and prevents collapse.

Hypoxic drive

A mechanism used by the body to regulate breathing under conditions of chronically elevated carbon dioxide levels.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often resulting in coughing and mucus production.

Emphysema

A condition characterized by the destruction of alveoli and impaired gas exchange, commonly caused by smoking.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A viral infection that causes respiratory tract infections, especially in young children.

Croup

An upper airway infection characterized by a barking cough, often caused by viral infections.

Pleural Effusion

Excess fluid in the pleural cavity that can impair breathing.

V/Q ratio

The ratio of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs, essential for effective gas exchange.

Virchow’s triad

A triad of factors that increase the risk for venous thromboembolism: hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and endothelial injury.

Rales

Abnormal lung sounds heard during breathing, often associated with fluid in the airways.

Bronchodilators

Medications that relax and widen the airways, making breathing easier.

Antipyretics

Medications used to reduce fever.