Module_8_-_Respiratory

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Rasmussen University - Topeka, KS Pathophysiology Class Fall 2024

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24 Terms

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Gas Exchange

The process through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the bloodstream.

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Ventilation

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

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Lung compliance

The ability of the lungs to stretch and expand during breathing.

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Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

A test that measures lung volumes and air flow to assist in diagnosing respiratory conditions.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A group of lung diseases characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A severe lung condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the alveoli, leading to respiratory failure.

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Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural space, which can cause lung collapse.

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Asthma

A chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and airway obstruction.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs.

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Influenza

A viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms like fever, cough, and body aches.

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Surfactant

A lipoprotein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and prevents collapse.

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Hypoxic drive

A mechanism used by the body to regulate breathing under conditions of chronically elevated carbon dioxide levels.

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Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.

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Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs.

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Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often resulting in coughing and mucus production.

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Emphysema

A condition characterized by the destruction of alveoli and impaired gas exchange, commonly caused by smoking.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A viral infection that causes respiratory tract infections, especially in young children.

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Croup

An upper airway infection characterized by a barking cough, often caused by viral infections.

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Pleural Effusion

Excess fluid in the pleural cavity that can impair breathing.

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V/Q ratio

The ratio of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs, essential for effective gas exchange.

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Virchow’s triad

A triad of factors that increase the risk for venous thromboembolism: hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and endothelial injury.

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Rales

Abnormal lung sounds heard during breathing, often associated with fluid in the airways.

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Bronchodilators

Medications that relax and widen the airways, making breathing easier.

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Antipyretics

Medications used to reduce fever.