Research Methodology Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Research Methodology lecture.

Research

Formal, systematic process of inquiry on a specific topic.

Scientific Research

Systematic process of inquiry based on combined empirical-rational principles.

Basic Assumptions of Science

A true, physical universe exists that is primarily an orderly system whose principles can be discovered through scientific research; our knowledge is incomplete and alterable.

Theory (in Science)

Formalized set of concepts that organizes observations and inferences and predicts and explains phenomena. Must be testable.

Models (in Science)

Representations of the complex reality of the real world; descriptions or analogies that help understand something unseen or complex.

Primary Purpose of Research

Inquiry to gain understanding about some problems.

Inductive Reasoning

Developing generalizations from a limited number of related observations or experiences (specific to general).

Deductive Reasoning

Developing specific predictions from general principles, observations, or experiences (general to specific).

Inductive Research

Qualitative research, moving from specific observations to general theories.

Deductive Research

Quantitative research, testing specific predictions based on general theories.

Basic Research

Process of collecting and analyzing information to develop and enhance a theory; focused on theory development.

Applied Research

Conducted for the purpose of applying or testing theory and evaluating its usefulness for solving problems; seeks specific helpful information.

Evaluation Research

Applied research concerned with making decisions about the quality, effectiveness, or value of programs, products, or practices.

Formative Evaluation

Evaluation to inform and improve a program while it is being developed or implemented.

Summative Evaluation

Evaluation to make decisions regarding the overall quality of the program being evaluated.

Quantitative Research

Research based on the collection and analysis of numerical data using formal instruments; data is in the form of numbers and statistics.

Qualitative Research

Research based on the collection and analysis of non-numerical data (observations, interviews); data is in the form of words, pictures, or objects.