AICE Bio Unit 1 Review

Plasma membrane description

Double layer of phospholipids and proteins.

Plasma membrane cell type

every single cell

cell wall desc

surrounds plasma membrane for extra support

cell wall cell type

plants, fungi, and many protocists

plasmodesmata

fine strands of cytoplasm connecting neighboring plant cells

microvilli desc

small folds in the plasma membrane. increases surface area

microvilli cell type

SOME animal cells, NO plants

cilia & flagella desc

used for motility (movement) BOTH are bundles of microtubes surrounded by plasma membrane

cilia desc

short and numerous

flagella desc

long and tail-like

cilia & flagella cell type

SOME animal cells, NOT plants

cytosol

visious, jelly-like fluid that contains organelles -ALL CELLS

cytoplasm

the region within the cell that contains the cytosol and all organelles except the nucleus -ALL CELLS

cytoskeleton

a system of filaments and fibers that run throughout the cell -ALL CELLS

centrioles

pair of microtubular structures outside the nucleus (mini churros, NOT IN PLANT CELLS)

nucleus

largest cell organelle. contains all genetic material for the cell that dictates cellular function.

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not part of the cytoplasm -ALL CELLS

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nuclear envelope

extra membrane surrounding nucleus, protects the contents of the nucleus

nucleolus

region within the nucleus, contains loops of DNA to direct RNA synthesis and MAKE RIBOSOMES

chromosomes

tightly wound DNA and proteins that form for cell division

chromatin

loose DNA strands. the ‘default’ form of dna when the cell is not preparing to divide

ribosomes

constructs proteins, can either be free or bound, two sizes 70S and 80S,

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free- found in cytosol

bound- bound to the rough endo. reticulum or the nuclear envelope

70s ribosomes

found in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts

80s ribosomes

found in eukaryotic cells other than the mitochondria and the chloroplasts

endoplasmic reticulum

system of membranes that helps produce and move substances

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has folds called *cisternae* that increase surface area

rough e.r

ribsomes embedded in surface, modify and package proteins that are made in ribosomes

smooth e.r

no ribosomes on surface, contains enzymes to help build other molecules (anything but proteins)

golgi apparatus

stack of flattened sacks of membrane. collects, processes, and sorts molecules ready for transport within and out of the cell.

has cisternae

lysosomes

specialized vesicles that bud off from golgi apparatus. contains special digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste or invading pathogens or toxins

vacuole

membrane-bound storage sacs. more common in plants than animals

mitochondria

numerous in most cells. smooth outer membrane. inner membrane is folded (crisate)

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breaks down fuel molecules to produce ATP through cellular respiration

chloroplast

ONLY PLANT within the double membrane, they’re grana stacks of thykaloid discs. convert sunlight to glucose

animal cells

5-10 um, centrioles, smaller vacuoles, microvilli, cilia & flagella

plant cells

10-40 um, cellulose cell walls with plasmodemata, large central vacuole, tonoplasts & chloroplasts

viruses

only have dna or RNA, capsids