Vocab - Cell Cycle, Interphase, Mitosis

Chromosomes

? are very long condensed strands of DNA and associated proteins that become visible inside of the cell during cell division.

chromosome numbers

Different organisms have different ?.

Prokaryotic

? organisms usually have a number of different DNA molecules

identical

Sister Chromatids are ? to each other, meaning they contain the same genetic information

centromere

The region where sister chromatids are most closely held together is called the ?.

Genome

A cell's complete complement of DNA.

sister chromatids

The arrangement of duplicated chromosomes paired together are called ?.

Eukaryotic

? organisms usually have a single long strand of DNA.

karyotype

An individual's complete collection of chromosomes that can be dyed in order to be seen with a microscope.

Cell Cycle

The reproduction of cells is called the ?.

DNA replication

? must occur before mitosis to ensure that each daughter cell gets a complete copy of DNA.

Kinetochore

? are protein complexes that grow on either side of the centromere of a chromosome.

90%

Cells spend ? of their lifetime in Interphase.

S (Synthesis)

During ? of Interphase, DNA replication occurs.

somatic

All body cells except the reproductive cells. are called ? cells are called ? cells.

10%

Mitosis is cell division and a cell will only spend about ? of its lifetime in this phase.

G2 (Gap 2)

During ? of Interphase a cell prepares for cell division.

Cell division

? is only the last part of the Cell Cycle.

haploid

Term that refers to cells with half the normal number of chromosomes; N

Interphase and Mitosis

The Cell Cycle is divided into two main processes ? & ?.

diploid

Term that refers to cells with the normal number of chromosomes; N

Cell Cycle

The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells is called ?.

three

Interphase is divided into ? phases.

Gametes

? are cells that contain half the normal number of chromosomes (N) as body cells; Sex cells

Telophase

During ? the two daughter nuclei form as nuclear envelopes are produced from the endomembrane system, nucleolus reappears, chromososomes decondense into chromatin, cleavage furrow is formed and deepens.

Prometaphase

During ? the nuclear envelope breaks apart, some microtubules attach to kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes.

five

Mitosis occurs in ? stages.

Prophase

During ? of mitosis Chromosomes appear, nucleolus disappears, mitotic spindle begins to form, asters begin to form and centrosomes move to oppositessides of the nucleus.

Cytokinesis

During ? the division of the cytoplasm of one parent cell divides into two cells.

G1 (Gap 1)

During ? of Interphase the cell grows, and makes proteins and organelles.

interphase

Mitosis occurs after ?.

Metaphase Plate

The ? is the imaginary plane that is located at the cells imaginary equator

Metaphase

During ? the centrosomes are located at opposite poles of the cell, the metaphase plate appears, kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to microtubules that come from opposite ends of the cell.

cleavage furrow

The ? is the shallow groove in the cells surface, near the cells equator.

mitosis

The process of one cell actually dividing into two cells is called ?.

Anaphase

During ? the two sister chromatids are pulled apart and moved to opposite ends of the cell, the cell elongates and each end of the cell has a complete collection of chromosomes.

same way

Animal cells and plant cells do not go through the process of cytokinesis in the ?.

cell plate

The new cell membrane for each new plant cell is formed from the ?

double membrane

The cell plate is a ? that forms across the middle of a plant cell that is undergoing cytokinesis.

daughter cells

The new cells produced as a result of mitosis occurring are called ?.

Plant

? cells form a cell plate in order to divide into two cells.

cell wall

The ? will form between the two membrane of the cell plate.

DNA

At the end of interphase, there will be two complete, exact copies of the ? in the one cell.

vesicles

The cell plate in plant cells is formed by ? that join together.

10%

Mitosis is cell division and a cell will only spend about ? of its lifetime in this phase.

cell membrane

The cell plate grows until it reaches the ?.

2

Mitosis produces ? new cells.