Christian Beliefs Exam #2

Soteriology

The study of salvation and how it is attained through faith, grace, and the work of Jesus Christ.

Contrition

When we feel sorry for our sin and wish to make it right.

Soteriology

The study of salvation and how it is attained through faith, grace, and the work of Jesus Christ.

Contrition

When we feel sorry for our sin and wish to make it right.

Repentance

When we turn away from sin and toward God.

Justification

God’s work in justifying sinners- forgiving our sins and making us right with God.

Indulgences

The practice of the Catholic Church to grant a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven. it covers punishment for sins that would otherwise have to be paid by the individual. this punishment is to be covered by the merits of Christ and of the saints administered by the church.

Imputed Righteousness

Refers to the righteousness of Christ, which is the reason for our acquittal. Christs righteousness is credited to us. (imputed) but are no different still (haven’t changed at all) just sinner “covered”. (Imparted Righteousness is Christs righteousness given to us.)

Sanctification

God’s work in making us godly, holy and like Christ.

Works righteousness

The belief that human actions, such as good deeds or following religious laws, can earn salvation or favor from God.

Antinomianism

acting as if Gods law had nothing to say to the Christian life, as if it didn’t mater how we live.

Calvinist

focuses on the priority and sovereignty of Gods grace by emphasizing God as the sloe agent of salvation.

Arminian

Focuses on Gods loving desire to be in saving relationship with humanity and connects this to God’s opening up space for human agency alongside divine grace, in salvation.

Prevenient grace

A gift of grace from God that comes before us, preceding anything we do.

Monergistic

Calvinistic: God is the only actor in salvation.

Synergistic

Arminian; God works together with human beings in the process of salvation.

Atonement

The way Christs work bridges the separation between humans and God, opening up the possibility that we may again be reconciled to, or made one with , God.

Deification

Christ assumed humanity, that we might become God.

Christus Victor

Christ the Victor

Substitute

Christs role in taking our place to pay the price of sin. (Christ is our representative)

Satisfaction

Jesus' sacrifice on the cross satisfied God's justice and made amends for humanity's disobedience, thus allowing for forgiveness and reconciliation. 

Forensic

Shifts the metaphor of satisfaction from feudal context to the court of law.

Moral Example

Christs perfect love for us becomes a moral example and inspiration on how we too should live and love others.

Immutability

God does not change, He is perfect and the perfection of all good things.

Impassibility

Not being subject to the passions or suffering. The thinking that God does not have emotions that “disturb the mind.”

Apollinarianism

Attempts to solve the problem of Jesus by suggesting that he must have been less than fully human.

Eutychianism

Presents Jesus whose humanity has been undone by God. Christ is of two natures before the incarnation but only one afterwards.

Monophysitism

Sees the incarnate Jesus as having only one nature

Nestorian

Hersey: acknowledges that Jesus was fully human and fully divine but keeps the two completely separated.

Theotokos

The one who gave birth to God

Council of Chalcedon

The council affirmed that Jesus has two natures, fully divine and fully human nature and that those two are truly united in one person. (451)

Person

Names both the second person in the trinity and the historical person Jesus of Nazareth, God in flesh.

Two Natures

Both divine and human in one person, Jesus Christ.

Hypostatic Union

A unity of the divine and human natures that is real, unbreakable and true. It happens in reality; it is realty. All the Jesus does, he does as God and as human.

Communication of Attributes.

Shows us how to think about the things that are appropriate to God and the things that are appropriate to humanity;

Before Christ: God saves. Humans suffer

After Christ; Jesus saves. Jesus suffers

Particularity

Used in theology to point to the goodness of God whose love extends to specifics. Jesus does not come to us as a generic human being. He has particularities . He is male, he is Jewish.

Son of Man

points to his divinity

Monothelitism

Jesus having one nature

Incarnation

pg. 128

Iconography

Worshiping images of God

Pneumatology

A particular discipline within Christian theology that focuses on the study of the Holy Spirit. The term is derived from the Greek word Pneuma, which designates "breath" or "spirit"

Filoque

Latin for “and from the Son” talking about the Spirit. Added to the original “Proceeds from the Father” The Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son. Emphasizing equality in the trinity.

Anthropomorphize

To from God in our own image instead of remembering it is the other way around. Can lead to false idols by thinking of God as a man.

Cessationism

The belief that the special gifts of the Spirit ended with the New Testament age.

Continuationism

That spiritual gifts are available in every age and that we must respond to the abuse of gifts not with denial of those gifts but with discernment.

Collect

A structured prayer meant to gather us in worship, to collect our attention and turn to God.

Proceeds

talking about the spirit preceding from the father and the son

Holiness

Divine righteousness, that standard of goodness and justice and truthfulness. To remember that God is holy is to remember that God is set apart.

Ecclesiology

The doctrine of the church

Marks of the church

Like the people of Israel marked by circumcision, the church is to be the people who bear, visibly and in the body, four marks confessed in the Nicene Creed: The church is “oneness, holiness, catholicity, and apostolicity.” We bear these marks brokenly and partially until the Kingdom of God is present in fullness.

catholic (lower case)

Implies both universality and wholeness. the churches wholeness, health and faithfulness.

Apostolic

it is about authority and truth, and the authority of the apostles is in their eyewitness testimony to Jesus. sound doctrine that is true to the gospel of Jesus Christ.

Donatist Controversy

The Donatists waned a pure church and demanded holiness from their leaders. They formed a separatist church. This was viewed as an act of schism, an attack on the unity of of the body of Christ. The Donatist church error was in believing that the church rests on what human beings do instead of on what God does.

Mixed Body

The church is full of both the wheat and the weeds of jesus’s parable. Though the enemy has sowed the weeds among the masters good seed, the servants are not to pull the weeds lest they uproot the wheat along with them. Instead we are to let both of them grow together until the harvest.

Constantinianism

The term is used to point to the church collusion with and corruption by the state, to the bride trading Christ’s love for worldly power and wealth.

Sacrament

A visible sign of spiritual grace. Connect visible, material creation and the grace of the Spirit. The visible signs are bread, wine and water.

Sacramental

Sacrament-like, Creation as sacrament. misses the community and the promise aspects of sacraments.

Priesthood of all believers

Emphasized in protestant theology and so limits sacraments to church practices that truly belong to all Christians.

Consubstantiation

Christs body is present with the substance of the bread. Luther’s belief.

Real Presence

A further affirmation of justification by grace. Luther does noy want the meaning of the sacrament to depend on human works or feelings. he insists that God is the agent of the sacrament and that grace is materially present in it regardless of how we feel or what we do.

Ordinance

Something done in obedience, Zwingli sees the sacraments at this.