AP Chemistry: Reaction Types

Neutralization

acid + base -> salt + water

gas forming reactions

H2S, CO2, SO2, NH3

Redox simple

Just balance (technically e- transfer)

Synthesis: metals + nonmetals —>

Binary salt

Binary salt

ionic compound with only two elements (one metal + one nonmetal)

Synthesis: metallic oxides + water—>

Bases (metallic hydroxides)

Metallic hydroxides

Metal + OH

Synthesis: nonmetallic oxides + water—>

Acids

Acids

Start with H

Synthesis: metallic oxides + nonmetallic oxides—>

salts

Salts

neutral, anything made of cation and anion held together by ionic bonds

Ionic

metal + nonmetal

Covalent

nonmetal + nonmetal

Decompsition: H2O2 —>

H2O + O2

Decompsition: H2SO3 —>

H2O + SO2

Decompsition: metallic carbonate —>

Metallic oxide + CO2

Decompsition: metallic chlorates —>

Metallic chloride + O2

Decompsition: Oxyacids—>

Nonmetallic acid + H2O

Oxyacids

hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element (acids that contain oxygen)

Decompsition: NH4 OH —>

NH3 + H2O

Decompsition: H2CO3—>

H2O + CO2

Decompsition: (NH4)2CO3—>

NH3 + CO2 + H2O

Displacement: alkali metals (some alkaline earth metals)

Alkali metals displace one hydrogen from H2O

Displacement: some metals

Metals can displace hydrogen from acids if they are higher on the activity series 

Acid-Base RXNS

Neutralization and gas forming 

Redox RXNS

electrons are transferred and oxidation states of the atoms change: synthesis, decomposition, combustion, displacement(single replacement), oxyanions, disproportionate(one substance changes twice)

Combustion:

CH + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

electrolysis: Trans Metal—>

cation reduced to its metal ((Cu +) + e- —> Cu)

electrolysis: representative Metal—>

2(H2O)+ 2e- —> H2 + 2(OH)

electrolysis: Cl, I, Br, (anion)—>

anion oxidized to nonmetal (2(Cl-) —> Cl2 + 2e-)

electrolysis: Anion —>

H2O —> 1/2(O2) + 2H + 2e-

Organic: Benzene + HNO3 —>

Substitution reaction: Benzene NO3 + H2

Alkene + halogen

Methane + Cl2 (addition rxn) —> C2H4Cl2

Organic: organic acid + alcohol —>

ester + water

2 molecules of alcohol, remove water

ether and ether