Cell Biology: Key Concepts in Organisms, Structures, and Processes
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76 Terms
All organisms are made of what
cells
cells are the basic unit of what
life
All cells come from what
pre-existing cells
viruses are not what
cells
What are the two nucleic acids
DNA & RNA
Protein coats surrounding a nucleic acid is what
bacteria
is bacteria living
no
Prokaryotic lack what things
nucleus & organelles (expect ribosomes
what are two types of transport
active and passive
passive transports does or does not use energy
does not
does active transport use energy
it does
Plasmolysis is what
plant cells start to decompose without water and it droops
hyper has less or more water
less
hypo has less or more water
more
endocytosis means what
to come into the cell
exocytosis means what
to go out of the cell
what is phagocytosis
Solids going inside the cell
what is pinocytosis
Liquids going inside the cell
what is inside a eukaryotic cell
collection of the same type of cells
larger organisms= what
more cells
a baby has more or less cells than an adult
less
what does a mitochondria do
cellular respiration
What do chloroplasts do
they carry out photosynthesis
What does the nucleus hold
DNA & RNA
What does the nucleus do
controls all cell activity
What is a catalyst
an enzyme
what do enzymes do
speed up chemical reactions
What does the rough er do
makes secreted proteins
what does the smooth er do
makes lipid vesicles
What is the cytoplasm
cell fluid
What does the cell membrane do
controls what goes in and out of the cell
What does a lysosome do
It digests waste
What does a cell wall do
it provides support and structure
What is the role of a vacuole
storage for the cell
What does the golgi apparatus do
packages and modifies secreted proteins
What so the cilia/flagella do
move the cell
are the cilia/flagella inside or outside the cell
outside
what does the cytoskeleton do
helps hold the shape of a cell
what is the cytoskeleton and cilia/flagella made of
microtubules and microfilaments
What does the lipid bilayer do
regulates what moves in and out of the cell
is the lipid bilyaer semi-permeable?
yes
Are chloroplasts in human cells?
no
what are the main things that the nucleus controls
growth, reproduction
Ribosomes do what
make protein, from protein synthesis
what do mitochondria do
produces energy, using cellular respiration
what does the rough er do
secretes protein
what does the smooth er do
makes vesicles (lipid packages)
What does the golgi apparatus do
sorts out packages, going inside or outside the cell
what do lysosomes do
they digest and get rid of unnecessary things
What is a vacuole
a storage unit
what is cytoplasm
cell fluid
what do chloroplasts make
glucose
How many vacuoles are in a plant cell
1 large vacuole
How many vacuoles are in a animal cell
many small vacuoles
what is diffusion
the tendency for molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion is = to what
any water molecule
osmosis is = to what
water only
facilitated diffusion = to what
any molecule, but it must go through a protein in the membrane, not the lipid bilayer
what are the two things that make up a solution
solvent, and solute
solute= to what
what is being dissolved (salt)
solvent = to what
what molecules are dissolved in (water)
isotonic= to what
solutions that are the same strength
hypertonic= to what
solution is higher in solute
hypotonic= to what
solution is lower in solute
hypertonic=
less water more solute
what are the three types of active transport
endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis
endocytosis= to what
cell brings in large molecules (like protein)
phagocytosis= to what
solid food particles are brought in
pinocytosis= to what
liquid droplets are brought in
exocytosis= to what
large molecules, like proteins and polysaccharides are removed from the cell
what are the three things that affect diffusion rate
concentration, temperature, and pressure
what is plasmolysis
loss of water from a plant
what is pumped out of cells
sodium
what is pumped into cells
potassium
how many sodium particles are pumped out
3
how many potassium particles are pumped in
2