COMPUTER SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONS

ABACUS

• the most significant early computing tool.

• a wooden rack holding parallel rods on which beads are strung.

• The simple device was used for addition and subtraction.

JOHN NAPIER (1550-1617)

A Scottish scholar that invented the logarithm

WILLIAM OUGHTRED

invented both the rectilinear and circular slide rules in 1661.

1642 - BLAISE PASCAL

Who invented the “Mechanical Adding Machine”?

1671 - GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON LEIBNIZ

While Pascal’s machine could only count, his device also multiply, divide, and find square root.

1820 - CHARLES XAVIER THOMAS

produce the first commercially available mechanical calculator

1820 - CHARLES BABBAGE

• developed the first digital computer until;

• 1833 he developed the analytical engine.

1890 - HERMAN HOLLERITH AND JAMES POWERS

evolution of computer systems is the invention of punch cards.

PUNCHED MACHINE

This was established and reliable by the late 1930s.

HOWARD HATHAWAY AIKEN

• a physicist and mathematician at Harvard University,

• began work on a fully automatic calculator in 1939.

CALCULATOR

• commonly called the International Business Machines Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, was completed in August 1944.

• This was the first information processing machine.

• As an electromechanical computer, it has 760,000 wheels, 500 miles of wire, and a panel 51 ft long and 8ft high.

• Input data was entered through the punched.

1946 ENIAC (ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR)

1950 EDVAC (ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER)

1951 UNIVAC I ( UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER)

SECOND GENERATION (1959 - 1969)

• was marked by reduced size and cost with increased speed and reliability.

• Magnetic tape became the principal external storage medium.

IBM

___ produced the 709TX system in 1959.

7094

____ which dominated the scientific computer market during the system in 1959.

THIRD COMPUTER GENERATION

(1969 - 1977) ; succeeded the second generation which used integrated circuits.

MICROELECTRONICS

The era of ______ started with the invention of the integrated circuit (IC) in 1958

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

This generation of computers became available in the 1980s - 2009.

2ND GENERATION

Identify the generation of computer

3RD GENERATION

Identify the generation of computer

4TH GENERATION

Identify the generation of computer

COMPUTER NETWORKS

Originally networks were used to connect only mainframe computers. But with the proliferation of inexpensive computer systems and advances in software, the need to network personal computers and other computer peripherals became apparent.

LAN, MAN, WAN

WHAT ARE THE THREE (3) TYPES OF NETWORKS?

LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

interconnect computers located within a relative small area such as a college campus.

MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)

representing LAN technologies optimized for a metropolitan area such as a city.

WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

providing communication services over several kilometers, across the nation, or around the globe.

ROBOT

A _____ is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to perform functions ordinarily ascribed to human beings.

REPROGRAMMABLE

• This keyword refers to a built in computer control system.

• This distinguishes robots from numerically controlled systems that can adapt to new tasks.

GEORGE C. DEVOL

regarded as the “father of robot”, patented the first manipulator with a playback memory.

1954

When did the ROBOT AGE began?

MID 1960s

• In this era, the race to create intelligent robots with the most accuracy and speed led to the formation of research centers and laboratories in the new field of robotics and its allied field of artificial intelligence.

• Researchers’ aims were to integrate.