19th Century Urbanization

Using the drawing at the bottom of page 719, explain the terminology “King Cholera” as it relates to the conditions in 19th century European cities.

A disease, diseases running rampant because of poor sanitation and lack of standard of living.

Define the term utilitarianism:

Promoted by Jeremy Bentham, social policy should promote the greatest good for the greatest number.

By the 2nd half of the 19th century, many European governments accepted at least limited responsibility for the ______ of its citizens.

health

Describe the science and impact of Louis Pasteur’s contributions in 19th century Europe.

Showed the air was full of bacteria (think pasteurized milk)

In addition to public health improvements, more effective urban planning was a major key to a better quality of urban life in 19th century Europe, and the development of _______ _______ ______further enhanced living conditions.

mass public transportation (trains)

Define the terminology “separate spheres” as it relates to 19th century European gender issues.

Work of wives became increasingly distinct and different from husbands, wife would be homemaker and mother, husband would be a worker and a breadwinner.

Explain the two main paths on which women’s struggle for equality proceeded in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Education and employment.

What new branch of physics was developed in late 19th century Europe, and what impact did it have on European society?

Thermodynamics

Describe Dmitri Mendeleev’s contribution to modern chemistry, and its impact on European society.

Created the Periodic table and codified rules of chemistry

What was the power source of the “2nd Industrial Revolution?”

Electricity

List some of the new technologies and inventions of the “2nd Industrial Revolution.”

internal combustion engine, telegraph, lighting.

Explain the philosophical connection between the 18th century Enlightenment and post-1848 Europe.

Progression occurring, hope increasing, science more prominent led to innovations and inventions which led to the “Enlightened” optimistic faith in human progress.

Explain the 19th century “roots” of Social Darwinism.

Collects specimens, proving that divine creation of each species there’s doubt there, survival of the fittest, evolution, Herbert Spencer applies it to humans connects to global competition.

Explain Max Weber’s thesis of what became known as the “Protestant Work Ethic.”

Rise of capitalism directly linked to Protestantism (more religious, work harder, get gods approval yay!) Hard work = favor of God. Capitalism directly rewards hard work.

Explain Emile Zola’s connection to 19th century literary “realism,” and the role he played in the “Dreyfus Affair.”

Wrote research stores about stock exchange, army, etc. use information science and realism to prove Dreyfus’s innocence.