A&P MIDTERM REVIEW

Why does creating cud not hurt the esophagus when the cow regurgitates?

THERE IS NO STOMACH ACID PRESENT IN THE FIRST TWO CHAMBERS OF THE STOMACH.

This is a normal and physiological process for COWS and other animals that are RUMINANTS.

STRIATED

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MYOCYTE

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

VAGUS

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Salivary glands secrete saliva, which has a large amount of digestive enzymes

FALSE

FUNCTION OF NEUROTRANSMITTER

SENDS MESSAGES & SIGNALS THROUGHOUT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

LOCATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS

SYNAPSES

FUNCTION OF SYNAPSES

IT TAKES MESSAGES FROM THE CNS TO THE REST OF THE BODY

What is the ONLY CRANIAL NERVE that was required to be known?

VAGUS NERVE

What type of nervous system is the CRANIAL NERVE a part of?

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

A PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT OPERATES INDEPENDENTLY BASED ON CONSCIOUS THOUGHT TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS.

What are the divisions of the ANS?

1) SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

2) PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

How does the PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM affect the BLADDER?

INCREASES / STIMULATES BLADDER CONTRACTION

How does the SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM affect the BLADDER?

DECREASES / INHIBITS BLADDER CONTRACTION

How does the PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM affect the HEART?

SLOWS / DECREASES HEARTBEAT

How does the SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM affect the HEART?

ACCELERATES / INCREASES HEARTBEAT

How does the PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM affect the LUNGS?

CONSTRICTS BRONCHI

How does the SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM affect the LUNGS?

DILATES BRONCHI

The SENSORY SYSTEM is a part of the NERVOUS SYSTEM

TRUE

FOUR GENERAL SENSES

1)

2)

3)

4)

FIVE GENERAL SENSES

1) GUSTATORY

2) OLFACTORY

3) AUDITORY

4) VESTIBULAR

5) VISUAL

What are the body parts associated with the GUSTATORY SENSE?

TONGUE

What are the body parts associated with the OLFACTORY SENSE?

NOSE

What are the body parts associated with the AUDITORY SENSE?

EARS

What are the body parts associated with the VESTIBULAR SENSE?

EARS

What are the body parts associated with the VISUAL SENSE?

VISUAL

TAPETUM LUCIDUM

HYPER-REFLECTIVE LAYER OF TISSUE BEHIND THE DORSAL RETINA

TAPETUM LUCIDUM FUNCTION

REFLECTS LIGHT INTO THE EYES AND HELPS WITH NIGHT VISION

EG) MAKES THE EYES OF A CAT GLOW

THREE MUSCLE TYPES

1) SMOOTH MUSCLES

2) CARDIAC MUSCLES

3) SKELETAL MUSCLES

All STRIATED muscles are VOLUNTARY MUSCLES

TRUE

VOLUNTARY MUSCLES

MUSCLES THAT CAN BE CONTROLLED CONSCIOUSLY. THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVEMENT AND ACTIONS THAT ARE CHOSEN TO BE PERFORMED.

INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES

What is the medical term for where a NERVE meets a MUSCLE?

NEUROMUSCULAR

A specialized group of CARDIAC MYOCYTES

STRIATED

What muscles are involved in the formation of the URINARY BLADDER?

SMOOTH MUSCLES

Why do we prefer to give IM injections near limbs, especially for cats?

THERE ARE A LOT OF SMOOTH MUSCLES IN THE TRICEPS AND THE QUADRICEPS LOCATED NEAR THE LIMBS OF CATS.

FB

FOREIGN BODY

V/D

VOMITING / DIARRHEA

NPO

NOT BY MOUTH

IM

INTRAMUSCULAR

PRN

AS NEEDED