Integumentary SystemTest

Epidermis

outermost layer of skin

Dermis

middle layer of skin

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Deep to the dermis; not technically part of the skin; made of adipose tissue; helps insulate

stratum basale

the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells

stratum lucidum

a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the palms and soles

stratum corneum

water resistant, protects skin from abrasion, and penetration, top layer of epidermis

stratum granulosum

production of large amounts of keratin begins in this layer of the epidermis

stratum spinosum

The layer just above the stratum basale where the stem cells gradually stop dividing

Order of Stratum layers from superficial to deep

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Papillae (skin)

Ridges of the stratum basale

Fingerprints

the papillae of the stratum basale form surface ridges causes these

functions of integumentary system

protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin d production, excretion

Keratin

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

Keratinocytes

an epidermal cell that produces keratin.

Melanocytes

a mature melanin-forming cell, found in the stratum basale

Vitamin D function

calcium absorption

Eumelanin

Produces brown to black pigments in the skin and hair

Phemomelanin

reddish-yellow pigment of the skin and hair

ABCD rule

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter used to determine cancerous moles

basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer

squamous cell carcinoma

Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma that occurs in the second stratum (spinosum) of the epidermis

malignant melanoma

most dangerous type of skin cancer caused by outr of control growth of melanocytes

tissue in dermis

areolar and dense irregular connective tissue

tissue of epidermis

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

tissue in hypodermis

adipose tissue

tattoos on the skin

- ink injected deep into the dermis
- color may fade with sloughing epidermal cells
- ink in dermis is permanent

hypodermis function

(fat) insulation and padding for skin and shock absorber

eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.

apocrine sweat glands

Found in armpits;Produce sticky, cloudy secretions; Break down and cause odors;

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

hair shaft

visible part of the hair

arrector pili muscle

The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.

functions of hair

Protects from uv light and insulates

hair made of

dead epidermal cells

Nail made of

keratinized epidermal cells

nail root

site of nail growth

nail cuticle

fold of stratum corneum that extends over the nail bed

first degree burn

Superficial burns through only the epidermis.

second degree burn

a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by redness and blisters

third degree burn

a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage onerves and blood vessels

UVB rays

The rays of the sun that cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays. This type of radiation is needed for the production of Vitamin D

lunula

The half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail

palms and soles

The skin is the thickest here with no sebaceus glands, no hair but there are sweat glands