History Key Words

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47 Terms

1
Superstition
A belief, not based on knowledge, but in the supernatural like God, witchcraft or astrology.
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2
Monastery
A building where monks live, eat and pray
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3
Miasma
‘Bad air’ which was blamed for spreading disease
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4
Astrology
Study of the planets and its effect on humans
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5
Urine chart
Used human urine to help diagnose an illness
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6
Amulet
A charm that brought ‘protection’ from disease
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7
Purging
To rid the body of a ‘excess’ like blood or vomit
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8
Bloodletting
To open a vein or apply leeches to draw blood from a patient; restoring the balance of the humours
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9
Cupping
Using glass cups to draw blood to the surface
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10
Pilgrimage
A journey to a religious shrine and relics to show your love of God and to cure an illness
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11
Apothecary
A medieval pharmacists or chemist
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12
Physician
A male medically trained doctor
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13
Wisewoman
A female healer, who used magic or herbal remedies to cure illnesses.
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14
Rakers
Men hired to clean the streets of muck
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15
Epidemic
A widespread outbreak of a disease
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16
Black death
A term to describe the bubonic plague
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17
Flagellant
People who whipped themselves to show God they repented their sins and wanted mercy.
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18
Pestilence
A fatal epidemic disease, e.g. the Black Death
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19
Vivisection
Criminals would be sentenced to death by vivisection where their bodies would be cut open for medical examination
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20
Quarantine
Separating the sick from the healthy to stop the spread of disease. Those who were sick could leave the quarantined area.
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21
Alchemy
Early chemistry, trying to turn one material into another.
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22
Anatomy
The study of the human body and how it works
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23
Autopsy
Dissecting a body after someone has died to establish cause of death
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24
Diagnosing
Finding out what disease someone has by e.g. taking their pulse and observing the patient
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25
Humanism
Intellectual movement which promoted a love of learning and discovery
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26
London Treacle
A 17th century version of a medieval theriaca, used to treat the plague
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27
Microscope
A new invention that allowed things to be magnified
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28
Pest House
A hospital for people suffering from infectious diseases, e.g plague
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29
Philosophical Transactions
The first ever scientific journal, first published in 1665 by the Royal Society (and still is today)
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30
Printing
The process of creating a book. This was developed during the 1440s in Germany
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31
Royal Society
A group of people interested in science who met weekly. They had a laboratory with microscopes. King Charles II was a patron
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32
Thermometer
A new invention that allowed someone’s temperature to be taken
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33
Renaissance
New beginnings/ Rebirth
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34
Antibiotics
A drug made from bacteria that kill other bacteria and so cure an infection or illness.
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35
Cancer
A group of related diseases. Cells divide and spread into the surrounding tissue.
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36
Dialysis
Technology that replicates the function of the kidneys.
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37
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that genes are made of.
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38
Electron Microscope
Developed 1931. Allows doctors to see cells in fine detail.
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39
Gene Therapy
Medical treatment using normal genes to replace defective ones. 
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40
Magic Bullets
A chemical that kills a particular bacteria and nothing else
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41
Pacemaker
Implanted technology that regulates heartbeat.
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42
Penicillin
The first antibiotic drug produced from the mould of penicillin to treat infections.
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43
Polio
A contagious disease that can cause paralysis and death
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44
Radio/Chemo Therapy
Treatment of a disease, such as cancer, by the use of chemicals
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45
Superbugs
Bacteria that are not affected/destroyed by antibiotics or cleaning 
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46
Transplant
When a faulty or damaged organ (e.g. liver) is swapped with a healthy one through surgery
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47
X-Ray
Technology using particular light rays . Used in WW1 to locate bullets in the body. 
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