Cellular Regulation Complications of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

These flashcards cover key concepts, nursing interventions, treatments, and complications related to chemotherapy and radiation therapy as discussed in the lecture.

What is the primary target of chemotherapy drugs?

Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells.

What are the common goals of chemotherapy?

Cure, control of the disease, and palliation.

List some factors that influence the response to chemotherapy.

Mitotic rate, tumor size, age of the tumor, location, and resistance.

What is the role of Nurse Navigators in cancer care?

They guide patients from suspicion through diagnosis and treatment.

What are some routes of chemotherapy administration?

Oral, IV, IM, subcutaneous, intrathecal, and intraperitoneal.

What is bone marrow suppression, and why is it a concern in chemotherapy?

It affects the production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, leading to complications like anemia and increased infection risk.

What are the 4 R's of radiobiology?

Repair, Redistribution, Repopulation, Reoxygenation.

What is the purpose of external beam radiation therapy?

To deliver localized radiation to destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA.

What nursing interventions can support a patient experiencing fatigue during chemotherapy?

Encourage good nutrition, hydration, alternate rest and activity, and manage pain and anxiety.

What are common complications of chemotherapy?

Bone marrow suppression, fatigue, GI effects, skin reactions, and peripheral neuropathy.

What are some nursing care strategies for managing skin reactions from radiation?

Use gentle, non-irritating lotions, keep wet areas clean, and monitor for infection.

What are the differences between internal and external radiation therapy delivery methods?

Internal therapy uses implants or seeds, while external therapy is the most common method for delivering radiation.

How can chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy affect patients?

It can cause loss of sensory perception, impaired gait and balance, and increased risk for injury.

Which strategies can help manage chemotherapy-induced nausea?

Offer small, frequent meals, avoid strong odors, and provide antiemetics before treatment.

What are oncological emergencies related to obstruction?

SVC syndrome, spinal cord compression, third space syndrome, and intestinal obstruction.

What important nursing considerations are there for patients at risk of infection during chemotherapy?

Implement neutropenic precautions, monitor WBC counts, and educate about hand hygiene.

What is the potential effect of radiation on reproductive health?

It can lead to erectile dysfunction and infertility.

Identify one late effect of chemotherapy and radiation.

Secondary malignancies may develop years after treatment.