Normal Speech Development and Descriptive Phonetics Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental terms, anatomy of speech, subtypes of phonetics, transcription, and linguistic domains from the introductory CSD 278 module.

Phonetics

The study of speech sounds (phones) and their production.

Phone

Basic unit or speech sound that is physically produced by the human vocal tract.

Phonology

The study of the organization or system of sounds in a given language.

Phoneme

The abstract speech sound that establishes meaning in words.

Experimental Phonetics

The use of instrumentation to study speech sound production.

Physiological Phonetics

The study of the anatomy and physiology of speech production.

Acoustic Phonetics

The study of acoustic characteristics of speech production.

Perceptual Phonetics

The study of the impact of variations in the acoustic characteristics of speech sounds on individuals' perception of speech.

Descriptive Phonetics

The use of a specialized alphabet to capture similarities and differences between speech sounds, and to capture subtleties in speech sound production.

Egressive speech

Speech produced with air moving out from the lungs on exhalation or expiration.

Ingressive speech

Speech produced during inhalation or inspiration.

Breath group

Unit of speech related to the cycles of respiration.

Glottis

The space between the vocal folds.

Velum

The soft palate that controls opening to the nasal cavity and serves as a place of articulation for velar sounds.

Phonotactics

The acceptability of sounds and sequences of sounds in the language.

Segmental constraint

A phonotactic constraint regarding sound acceptability in a language.

Sequential constraint

A phonotactic constraint regarding sequence acceptability of sound combinations in a language.

Allophones

Separate phones that are physical representations of the same phoneme and do not change the meaning of the word.

Consonants

Sounds produced with a relatively constricted (closed) vocal tract.

Broad transcription

Transcription of phonemes enclosed by virgules/forward slashes (//).

Narrow transcription

Transcription of phones enclosed by brackets ([]), using diacritics to capture subtleties in production.

Diacritics

Special marks used in narrow transcription to modify the transcription and capture subtleties of speech sound production.

Semantics

The study of linguistic meaning.

Morpheme

The minimal unit of meaning.

Free morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

Bound morpheme

A morpheme that needs to be attached to free morphemes.

Morphophonemics

The interaction of morphemes and phonemes, representing the phonological constraints on morphemes.

Stress

The relative prominence of a syllable in the context of other syllables.

Intonation

Variations in the pitch of the voice to convey the meaning or intention of the utterance.

Juncture

The use of pause or other prosodic elements to create boundaries within and between words or syllables.

Syntax

Rules governing the ordering of morphemes into larger units.

Pragmatics

Rules which govern the use of language.