origin & types of government

240 social studies practice

7th amendment

protects the right to a jury trial in civil cases

popular sovereignty

idea that all powers of government ultimately rest on the people

4th amendment

protects against unlawful searches & seizures

14th amendment

birthright citizenship

21st amendment

repealed prohibition

19th amendment

gave women the right to vote in the 1920s

6th amendment

protects the right to a speedy fair trial & right to a lawyer

10th amendment

limits the power of the federal government & protects the rights of the states & the people by reserving powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people

theocracy

government run by religious officials who enforce religious principles

social contract

the idea that individuals covenant to crate & follow a form of government

magna carta

first english document to establish the idea of limited government or the belied that the king did not have absolute power, signed in 1215

13th amendment

outlawed slavery

16th amendment

allows the government to collect taxes on income

oligarchy

government ruled by few

8th amendment

protects against cruel & unusual punishment

hammurabi’s code

early regulation of society with a basic outline that presumes innocence & presumes “eye for an eye”

english civil war

conflict between charles i & parliament that resulted in the beheading of charles i & the establishment of england as the commonwealth 1642-1651

republicanism

form of government in which representatives (usually elected) determine the laws

model parliament

britain’s first elected legislative body whose purpose was to tax the wealthy landowner’s & create laws, formed in 1295

john locke

enlightenment era political philosopher, believed in a limited government, natural rights of life (liberty & property). inspired bill of rights & constitution

divine rights

political doctrine that states that kings derive their power from god no their subjects, therefore kings are not subject to earthly authority

justinian’s code of laws

compilation of roman law’s

15th amendment

gave the right to vote to all men (regardless of race)

natural law

laws universally recognized by the virtue of human reason or human nature

18th amendment

prohibition of alcohol

5th amendment

protects against double jeopardy, self incrimimation

common law

laws created & developed through judicial decision

direct democracy

a system of government in which all eligible citizens can vote on every issue

autocratic/totalitarian governments

governments in which a single person or small group has ultimate controls

3rd amendment

protects against quartering of troops

social contract theory

an agreement between citizens & rulers in which the ruler derives his power from his subjects

constitutional monarchy

governmental system in which a country is ruled by a monarch who is limited in power by a constitution

9th amendment

protects the rights of the individuals not specifically listed

17th amendment

allows the direct election of senators by the citizens of the state

absolute monarchy

ruled by one person who has supreme authority & is not restricted by written law

english bill of rights

secured the power of parliament over the monarchy & guaranteed the individual rights of the citizens (1689)

republic

form of democracy in which representatives makes laws & run the government

glorious revolution

revolution agaisnt kames ii of england & his absolute rule, also called the bloodless revolution. paved the way for the creatuin of the english bill of rights & a constitutional monarchy (1688)

26th amendment

lowered the voting age to 18

john locke’s two treatises of government

outlibed ideas of social contract theory & natural rights that heavily influenced thomas jefferson & the declaration of independence

thomas hobbes

author of the leviathan, advocate of absolute monarchy. viewed authoritarian rule as the only security against humanity which he believed to be inherently cruel