POGIL: Biological Molecules

Organic Compounds

Larger molecules containing mostly carbon atoms.

Carbohydrates

The starches and sugars present in foods, made up of monosaccharides.

Monosaccharides

The basic building blocks of carbohydrates including; glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Nucleotides

Basic units of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

Proteins

Chains of amino acids.

Bond Breaking

Absorbs energy, endothermic.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins, have a carboxylic acid group, amine group and a variable R side chain.

Bond Forming

Releases energy, exothermic.

Nucleic Acids

Groups of nucleotides that form RNA and DNA.

Glycosidic Bond

A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in one carbohydrate binds to another group, which could also be a carbohydrate. A glycosidic bond is found between the glucose and fructose molecules in sucrose.

Peptide Bond

Bonds that connect Amino Acids.

Ester Bond

The bond formed when fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol molecules.

Condensation Reactions

Dehydration Synthesis; the class of reactions with water as a product of either a glycosidic, peptide or ester bond.

Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water.