Biology AQA B1

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20 Terms

1
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Tissue

A group of cells working together to perform a function E.g. Skin, muscle, liver, brain

<p>A group of cells working together to perform a function E.g. Skin, muscle, liver, brain</p>
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Cell

The building blocks of all living organisms. Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic

<p>The building blocks of all living organisms. Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic</p>
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Eukaryote

Plant and Animal cells are eukaryotic cells as they have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus

<p>Plant and Animal cells are eukaryotic cells as they have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus</p>
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Prokaryote

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells as they are very very small have a cell wall around their cell membrane and they do not have a nucleus

<p>Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells as they are very very small have a cell wall around their cell membrane and they do not have a nucleus</p>
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Cell Membrane

An envelope that surrounds the cell and lets substances in and out

<p>An envelope that surrounds the cell and lets substances in and out</p>
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Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls the cells activity

<p>Contains DNA and controls the cells activity</p>
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Cytoplasm

The jelly centre of the cell which holds the sub-cellular structures and is where all the chemical reactions happen

<p>The jelly centre of the cell which holds the sub-cellular structures and is where all the chemical reactions happen</p>
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Cell Wall

Only found in plant cells and bacterial cells. In plant cells the cell wall is made of cellulose

<p>Only found in plant cells and bacterial cells. In plant cells the cell wall is made of cellulose</p>
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Plasmid

A small ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells (bacteria)

<p>A small ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells (bacteria)</p>
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Mitochondria

This is where respiration happens in cells which gives the cells energy

<p>This is where respiration happens in cells which gives the cells energy</p>
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Chloroplasts

Only found in plant cells, these contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis and are green

<p>Only found in plant cells, these contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis and are green</p>
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Ribosomes

Where proteins are made

<p>Where proteins are made</p>
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Vacuole

Found in plant cells, these contain cell sap which is sugar and water

<p>Found in plant cells, these contain cell sap which is sugar and water</p>
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Sperm Cells

A sex cell produced in the testes which carries genetic information from the male to the female egg. They have a tail to swim, lots of mitochondria for energy, and an acrosome which contains enzymes to digest through the egg membrane.

<p>A sex cell produced in the testes which carries genetic information from the male to the female egg. They have a tail to swim, lots of mitochondria for energy, and an acrosome which contains enzymes to digest through the egg membrane.</p>
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Nerve Cells

These are special cells which carry electrical impulses along a long structure called an axon. They are also known as neurones.

<p>These are special cells which carry electrical impulses along a long structure called an axon. They are also known as neurones.</p>
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Muscle Cells

These make up muscle tissue and contract and relax to create movement. Muscle cells contain a lot of mitochondria as they need lots of energy

<p>These make up muscle tissue and contract and relax to create movement. Muscle cells contain a lot of mitochondria as they need lots of energy</p>
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Root Hair Cell

A cell found in the roots of a plant which has a long part sticking out to increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals. They also have NO chloroplasts as they do not photosynthesise

<p>A cell found in the roots of a plant which has a long part sticking out to increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals. They also have NO chloroplasts as they do not photosynthesise</p>
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Xylem Cell

A cell that makes up xylem tissue in a plant. Xylem tissue is like a long tube that carries water from the roots of a plant to the leaves

<p>A cell that makes up xylem tissue in a plant. Xylem tissue is like a long tube that carries water from the roots of a plant to the leaves</p>
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Phloem Cell

A cell that makes up phloem tissue in a plant. Phloem tubes allow food like sugars to be moved around a plant.

<p>A cell that makes up phloem tissue in a plant. Phloem tubes allow food like sugars to be moved around a plant.</p>
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What are 4 key features of bacterial cells? (4)

- Small size
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- loop of DNA (no nucleus)