Organic Chemistry IUPAC Naming Conventions

List the steps of IUPAC nomenclature

1. Identify the longest carbon chain containing the highest-order functional group
2. Number the chain
3. Name the substituents
4. Assign a number to each substituent
5. Complete the name
- alphabetical order (di, tri, etc. not included)
*(iso, neo, etc. are included)

-named based on backbone change and based on highest priortity

Name this molecule

4-ethyl-5-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyloctane

What are hydrocarbons?

compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen

What is the formula for alkanes

CnH(2n+2)

List the name of alkanes from total carbons 1 -8

methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane

In naming alcohols, if you have a double or triple bond, which of these three things takes priority in naming?

The alcohol

If a carbon chain has an alcohol that is not the highest-priority functional group, what is it named as?

A hydroxy substituent
(hydroxy-)

What are alcohols with two hydroxyl groups called? What is their suffix?

Diols or glycols

(-diol)

What is the difference between geminal diols and vicinal diols?

geminal diols: hydroxy groups on the same carbon

vicinal diols: hydroxy groups on adjacent carbons

What are the common names for 2-propanol and ethanol?

isopropyl alcohol

ethyl alcohol

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

aldehyde is a carbonyl group at the end of a chain

ketone is a carbonyl group in the middle of a chain

What suffixes are used for aldehydes and ketones; how are carbonyl groups named as a substituent?

aldehyde suffix: aldehyde prefix:

ketone suffix: ketone prefix:

aldehyde: -al, oxo-

ketone: -one, keto- or oxo-

What are the common IUPAC names for the following compounds:

methanal
ethanal
propanal
propanone

formaldehyde
acetaldehyde
propionaldehyde
acetone

For a molecule with a double bond, an aldehyde, and an alcohol, which functional group would determine the suffix when naming?

aldehyde

In a molecule with two double bonds adjacent to each other and an alcohol, which functional group would take precedence in naming?

alcohol because of its higher oxidation state

Name this compound

3-butene-2-one

For the following carboxylic acids, what are the common names?

methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid

formic acid
acetic acid
propionic acid