Chapter 20 Crustaceans Pt 1

What does the root word Crusta mean?

Shell

Crustaceans are the ____ of the water.

Insects

____ controls the land, _____ controls the water.

Insects, Crustaceans

Who is the most famous crustacean?

Mr. Krabs

How many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have?

2

How many pair of mandibles do crustaceans have?

1

How many pairs of maxillae do crustaceans have?

2

What are the respiratory organs in crustaceans called?

Gills

What is the hard covering crustaceans have called?

Carapace

Crustaceans have ____ bodies, with a ____ of appendages attached to each segment. Each body segment has 2 ____.

Segmented; pair; legs

Are some of the legs biramous?

Yes, meaning they have a branching structure

What are the three main body sections?

Head, thorax, and abdomen

In some crustaceans, some ____ segments fused with the head to form a _____.

thoracic; cephalothorax

How is the cuticle formed?

It is secreted

What is the cuticle made of?

chitin, protein, and calcium carbonate

Each segment ___ enclosed bu a carapace is covered by a ____ plate called a ____ and a _____ bar called a _____.

not; dorsal plate, tergum; transverse bar; sternum

What body structure do females possess for reproduction?

gonopores, for sperm deposition

Protopod

the basal portion of a limb, has two parts, a basis and a coxa

Exopod

laterally borne by the protopod, has one to several parts

Endopod

medially borne by the protopod, has one to several parts

Exites and endites

respectively lateral and medial process, and epipos is a specialized excite modified gill

Uropod

tai fin

Do crustaceans have an open of closed circulatory system?

Open circulatory system

What is the fluid equivalent to blood in crustaceans?

Hemolymph, flows freely though the body cavity and bathes the organs directly

Where does the hemolymph return to?

venous sinuses

what prevents backflow?

valves in the arteries

what respiratory pigment in hemolymph affects the color in crustaceans?

hemocyanin or hemoglobin

What respiratory pigment is a copper-based pigment and what color does it turn when it bings with oxygen?

Hemocyanin; blue

What respiratory pigment is a iron-based pigment and what color does it turn when it bings with oxygen?

Hemoglobin; red

What is the chief propulsive organ of circulatory fluid

dorsal heart

what does each gland hav?

a vesicle, a spongy mass called a labyrinth which is connected to a dorsal bladder by a excretory tubule

The nervous system of crustaceans has many similarities with ___?

annelids

what is the “brain” in crustaceans referring too?

supra esophageal ganglia

What are crustacean eyes made of?

photoreceptive unit called ommatidia

what are statocysts? and what do they contain?

they are specialized sensory organs that contain statoliths

what sensory organs do crustaceans have?

tactile hairs, statocysts, and eyes

What is ecdysis?

the process of shedding the cuticle for growth because of wear

Cuticle

secreted by underlying epidermis

epicuticle

outermost, lipid impregnated protein

procuticle

bulk of cuticle, several layers

endocuticle

innermost

how many cuticle layers are there

3

what is the intermolt phases called

instars

what is the first molting step?

Old procuticle separates from epidermis

what is the second molting step?

still in premolt, new exocuticle secreted as molting fluid dissolves endocuticle

what is the third molting step?

Old epicuticle and exocuticle discarded

what is the fourth molting step?

New cuticle stretched and unfolded, endocuticle secreted 

what gland occurs in males that don’t in females?

androgenic glands (lead to development of secondary sexual characteristics)

Y-Organs:

These are endocrine glands located near the mandibles or in the base of the antennae. They are responsible for producing the molting hormone, also known as ecdysone or ecdysteroid.

X-Organs:

These are neurosecretory cells located in the eyestalks of crustaceans. They produce the Molt-Inhibiting Hormone (MIH).

What do predators eat?

small organisms

What do suspension feeders eat?

plankton and bacteria

what do scavengers eat?

detritus and dead animals

how many stomach parts do crayfish have?

2

what is the specialized part in a crayfish stomach that shreds food even faster than the mandibles?

gastric mill

Mantis shrimp

Specialized digit for piercing or smashing prey 

Pistol Shrimp

chelae can be cocked in a hammer, the second fastest animal motion recorded