Biology 101 Final

What are the potential impacts of locust swarms on agricultural regions?

Locust swarms can have potentially devastating impacts.

What causes solitary locusts to form massive swarms?

The more a locust comes into physical contact with another individual, the more likely they are to swarm.

Is the change in behavior of locusts when forming swarms density dependent or independent?

The change in behavior is likely density dependent.

In a human cell, what do maternal chromosome 1 and maternal chromosome 2 have in common?

They have the same genes but potentially different alleles.

True or False: Following a vaccine, your body produces antibodies immediately.

False.

What are nontoxic organisms with circular DNA and no mobility classified as in a phylogenetic tree?

Their position would be determined based on their specific traits.

Which trait is a shared ancestral trait between the leopard and house cat?

Hair.

What attribute was NOT part of the study’s research design regarding headphone use and hearing loss?

Randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups.

What is the probability that III-3 in a pedigree for a rare autosomal recessive disease is a carrier?

2/3.

What process in meiosis automatically produces diversity?

Which daughter cell receives maternal and paternal chromosomes occurs at random.

True or False: Natural selection creates variation within a population.

False.

What is the main component that accounts for the majority of energy derived from glucose in cellular respiration?

In NADH and FADH2.

Are carbohydrates the only macromolecules that cells can utilize for cellular respiration?

False.

In a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium scenario, what equation represents the frequency of brown individuals with a white allele frequency of 0.7?

(0.3)^2 + 2(0.3)(0.7).

What happened to the squirrel population after flooding, leading to a different frequency of brown squirrels?

Due to the bottleneck effect, the allele frequency of the new population is different than the original.

True or False: A nonsense mutation in a tumor suppressor protein associated with an inhibitory pathway is likely to be found in a cancer cell.

True.

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Individual organisms change during their lifespans to better fit their environment, and these changes are heritable.

According to a diagram, which organism lacks lungs but has jaws?

Lamprey.

What is an example of directional selection?

As grasslands spread across North America, horses with longer legs were able to find more food and produce more offspring.

How does a glucose molecule from a pretzel provide energy to blink your eyes?

The glucose reacts to become ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

What pattern of color expression occurs when mated Puteketeke birds produce offspring with a pale, ivory-brown beak?

This pattern is most likely to be an example of incomplete dominance.

Based on the results indicated, what issue do the flies likely have?

They do not breed; hybrid fertility.

If a pregnancy occurs, which hormones would remain low?

A and B.

True or False: Correlation equaling causation is illustrated by a small bird landing on a tree and the tree falling over.

False.

What illustrates the interaction between and among systems in biology best?

The bacteria in the rumen of a cow make a protein that allows the cow to digest cellulose.

True or False: Tiktaalik and lungfish are more closely related than mammals and lungfish.

True.

What would a prokaryote NOT be a good system to study?

The effect of antibiotics on mitochondria.

Which component of Zane’s assessment of a research article was most important for determining its trustworthiness?

Whether the article was evaluated by unbiased third-party experts.

What would you not expect to see in a cell with mitochondria?

Chloroplasts.

What likely happened when Mike stirred his beer mixture during fermentation?

The yeast were exposed to too much oxygen.

How many amino acids does the original mRNA code for based on the given sequences?

Original: six, Mutation: five.

At the location of the black arrow, what is true regarding a pig population growth graph?

The death rate < birth rate.

What information would you find in the DNA inside skin cells?

Height and skin color.

What statement is accurate about the timing of pollen release in spring?

Changing light levels must result in changes in gene expression which promotes plant reproduction!

What best describes the difference between wild type and mutant protein structures after a single nucleotide mutation?

The R groups on the wild type and mutant amino acids must have a different charge that changes tertiary structure.

Which example does NOT support the claim that species are related?

Plants in desert regions typically have thickened leaf surfaces to prevent water loss.

True or False: Most mutations are harmful.

False.

In the owl and snake symbiotic relationship, what is the independent variable?

The presence of blind snakes.

Which research study is least likely to contain a confounding factor in its design?

To evaluate the effect of the Whole 30 diet.

How many different short proteins consisting of 2 amino acids can Alejandra make with 20 different amino acids?

What is this example of identifying 3% of the Neanderthal genome in modern humans?

Gene flow.

What likely caused distinct species of parrot fishes on various coral reefs?

The parrot fishes whose features were best suited to the available food supply reproduced most successfully.

Which of these examples describe science versus less justified claims?

Research on moderate egg consumption found that up to one egg per day is not associated with increased heart disease risk.

What happens when a plant absorbs CO2 and releases O2 during photosynthesis?

The process increases the mass of the plant.

Which scenario is NOT a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

By removing surface proteins on a Jaguar egg cell, researchers were able to fertilize it with sperm from a Leopard.

What is true about individuals with blue eyes (genotype AA) in a population?

Roughly 50% of people are heterozygotes.

What results in the creation of new alleles?

Mutation occurs, and during meiosis these alleles arrange into new combinations.

Which source of DNA would provide a higher diversity of alleles for reviving Ground Sloths?

DNA from the large, interconnected population.

What is one process that could result in the net movement of substance 'X' into a cell?

Active transport.

In a secondary oocyte, how many alleles are present for the ACE2 gene?

One.