#1: Conducting Zone

three functions of the conducting zone

rigid conduit so air can be moved from nose to gas exchange site

warm, humidfy, and filter air

conducts speech produced by larynx

what are the midline, superior, and inferior, and lateral boundaries of nasal cavity

midline = nasal septum

superior = cribriform plate

inferior = hard and soft palate

lateral = nasal conchae

nasal conchae function

helps with cleaning and filtering

lining of the nasal cavity is

respiratory type epithelia cells

repiratory type epithelium contains

epithelial cells

mucous cells

serous cells

basal lamina

lamina propria

the pharynx connects what

nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

describe differences in what passes through naso, oro, and laryngo pharynxes

naso = just air

oro and laryngo = food and air

describe the difference in lining of the oro and laryngopharynxes

nasopharynx = respiratory type epithelium

oropharynx and laryngopharynx = stratified squamous epithelium

larynx is. aframework of ___ suspended from the ___ ___

cartilage

hyoid bone

three general functions of larynx

allows speech

allows open area for breathing

switching mechanism for food swallowing

hyoid bone is inferior to ___ in the ___ part of the neck

mandible

anterior

what do neck muscles do to the hyoid bone

moves it up and down

thyroid cartilage is “___” shaped and is seen externally as the ___ ___

C

Adam’s Apple

what connects the hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage

thyrohyoid membrane

cricoid cartilage is ___ shaped and is anchored to thyroid cartilage by the ___ ___

ring

cricothyroid membrane

three general functions of epiglottis

open during breathing

closed during swallowing

initiates protective cough reflex

artenoid cartilage function

connected by skeletal muscle. tolarynx and is moved to change size of glottis, closes to produce sound opens during breathing

arytenoid cartilage is innervated by what nerve

vagus

what lines the trachea

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium / respiratory type epithelium

what level does the trachea divide

vertebral column level T7

differences between right and left primary brinchi

right = wider, straighter, more in line with trachea

left = narrower, longer, different angle

secondary or lobar bronchi number in R and L lung

3 in R, 2 in L

tertiary bronchi form ___ ___

bronchopulmonary segments

how many bronchopulmonary segments per lung

10 per lung, each ventilates separate segment of lung

bronchioles vs terminal bronchioles size

bronchioles = less than 1 mm in diameter

terminal = less than 0.5 mm in diameter

describe epithelial, cartilage, and smooth muscle changes

epithelial = single epithelial cells (becomes simpler)

cartilage = decreases until it disappears completely

smooth muscle = increases as cartilage decreases

sympathetic innervation causes what

parasympathetic innervation causes what

sympathetic = relaxes smooth muscle of airway, opens the airway up

parasympathetic = constricts smooth muscle, closes airway