8th Grade Physics Term 1 Test 2

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34 Terms

1
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what is interaction

It It always affect both objects. Any time movement of an object that is changing, there is an interaction .Interaction can cause changes in the shape of an object

2
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what are the main two types of interactions


contact interaction and interaction at a distance


3
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what are some contact interactions

friction, push/pull ( tension, elastic force ), normal force, drag, buoyancy, rolling resistance

4
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what are some interactions at a distance

gravity, electromagnetic

5
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what is the fundamental interactions

Gravity, electromagnetic, strong interaction, weak interaction

6
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note about mass and force

if two different objects have different masses, they still exert forces of equal magnitude on each other

7
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what interactions is everyday physics

gravity, electromagnetic

8
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what is interaction in nuclear physics

weak interaction, strong interaction

9
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what is force
It shows the strength and the direction of a interaction .It is vector because it has magnitude and direction . Its unit is Newton with capital N)
10
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what is net force

It is mathematical abstraction that shows the combined effect of all (relevant) forces affecting an object

11
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What is newton's first law
an object will continue moving at constant velocity or remain at rest unless acted upon net force
12
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what is newton's second law
acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force and inversely proportional to mass
13
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how can we present newton's second law
F (net force) =m (mass) x a (acceleration)
14
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what is newton's third law

when one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction of the first body

15
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what is a force diagram
It is a simplified picture of the situation .The arrows present the different forces .The length represent the magnitude (longer arrow means more magnitude)
16
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what are the types of force

Fpush

Fthrust

Fpull

Fgravity

Fnormal

Ffriction

Fdrag

Frolling resistance

17
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what is normal force

it is created as the result of a force pushing on a rigid surface is called the Normal Force. Normal Force is equal to the force applied (NIII).The Normal Force is called normal because it is at 90o to the surface (Mathematical normal).

18
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what is gravity

It is one of the fundamental interactions. It is an interaction at a distance. It is the main interaction from the planetary scale upwards. As far as we know, it is only in a attractive direction

19
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what is mass
it is a quantity of an object and it depends on the number and the types of atoms and it's unit is kilograms
20
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what is weight

weight is a force of gravity. It depends on the mass and distance (more mass -more weight ,more distance-less weight) and the unit is newton(with a capital N)

21
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what is tides
Caused by gravity being different due to distance. Water is pulled to the near side by gravity. Water pools to the far side because of inertia .The gravity of the Sun plays a lesser part. Effected by shape of local coastline
22
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what is Galileos Experiment

it is that gravity pulls all objects down at the same acceleration. Probably just a thought experiment, also done earlier by the Dutch

23
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what is Cavendish experiment 1797-1798
Used to show gravity between two "small" objects in laboratory. Used to define Gravitational constant (by later physicists)
24
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what is Einsteinian Gravity

Mass doesn't pull other masses, they bend space-time.Observable with bending of light(Massless)

25
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what is Gravitational lens
it is when direction of light is changed by gravity it can act like a lens
26
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what are the forces that opposes motion

(kenetic )friction, rolling resistance and drag

27
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what is friction
it is from the interaction of two surfaces touching each other. It is electromagnetic at a fundamental level. It is always against the direction of movement .There is 2 types of friction
28
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what are the two types of friction
kinetic friction and static friction
29
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what is kinetic friction
it is between moving surfaces and against the direction of movement and turns kinetic energy into heat
30
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what is static friction
it prevents objects from starting to slide and it is higher than kinetic friction .It is needed for rolling and walking
31
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what is asperity

it means that the harder surfaces are pushed together, the more friction there is .If surfaces are allowed to settle, they will mesh more .

32
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explain the coefficient of μ

it presents the effect of the characteristics of the surfaces and is determined experimentally for material pairings .It is the ratio to the normal force .

33
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what is rolling resistance
it slows down rolling objects and is much smaller than friction and is caused by non-elasticity .
34
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what is drag
it is friction with fluid. It is caused by vortices and turbulence/It is affected by the the object (shape and size)the medium(density and viscosity )and strongly affected by velocity