AP Gov SCOTUS CASES

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Necessary and proper clause, supremacy clause state unable to tax fed. Institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax involves the power to destroy."

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Commerce clause of Constitution does not give Congress the power to regulate guns near state-operated schools

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The Court ruled that Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond the 8th grade because it would violate long-held religious beliefs. 1st amendment free exercise clause

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Guaranteed a student's right to protest (wearing armbands). 1st amendment free speech

New York Times v. US (1971)

The Court ruled that freedom of the press is protected, and prior restraint of the press is illegal. Bolstered freedom of the press. "heavy presumption against prior restraint"

Schenk v. United States (1919)

speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the 1st Amendment

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case, fourteenth amendment due process clause

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Political Spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the 1st Amendment (money is speech)

Baker v. Carr (1962)

"One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population (fourteenth amendment equal protection clause)

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. (equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legis. or exec. branch that violates the Constitution (supremacy clause)