rhizoids
rootlike structures of a non-vascular plant that anchors it to a surface + enables the plant to absorb water + nutrients
rhizomes
an underground, horizontal stem of ferns + other plants that contain vascular tissue for transporting water + nutrients
spore reproducing plants
grouped into 6 of the 12 divisions of Kingdom Plantae
Bryophyta, Hepaticophyta, Anthocerophyta, Pteridophyta, Lycophyta, Equisetophyta
bryophyta
made up of mosses w/ thin leaves that have one layer of cells to conduct photosynthesis
found growing on soft + thick variety of surfaces (ex: forestfloors, tree trunks
non - vascular (lack xylem + phloem)
leaf life structures on stem
Liverwort
a moss that used to be mixed w/ division Bryophyta but later ended up in division Hepaticophyta due to advanced technology
hornwort
a moss that used to be mixed w/ division Bryophyta but later ended up in division Anthocerophyta due to advanced technology
leaf structures and rhizoids
things that helped identify what division spore producing plants belong in
pteridophyta
made up of ferns
vascular plant
found on land, water, + other plants
grow 2 cm - 25 m tall
have true roots that are branched, thin, + irregular in their appearance
roots grow laterally from rhizomes -the largest division of vascular plants that reproduce w/ spores
frond
leaf of a fern that sprouts anywhere along rhizome
it can emerge from the soil as tight-coiled fiddleheads that gradually unfurl (its curled shape to protect as it grows)
lycophyta
a division of spore producing vascular plants
ex: club mosses + spike mosses
Equisetophyta
a division of spore producing vascular plants
ex: horsetail
horsetail
equisetophyta division
can grow 30 cm - 10 m
have underground rhizomes
ancient Romans used it to make tea + food