Homologous structures

How does eye placement and size relate to the animal being a predator or a prey? 

Predators usually have forward-facing eyes, which is essential for tracking and capturing prey. Their eyes are often large to help with better night vision. While prey animals usually have eyes positioned on the sides of their heads, giving them a wide field of view to detect approaching threats from various angles

3. List three skeletal and skull modifications in the bird that are directly related to flight. Explain how each modification helps the bird fly.  (3)

One modification is the fused backbone, which makes their bodies stiff and helps with strong wings.

Another key feature is the keel on their breastbone, which gives the “Flying muscles” more surface area and helps them fly.

Finally, their bones, including the skull, are lightweight, which makes their bodies lighter and easier to lift into the air.

  4.  Compare  two similarities and two differences between the cat and human skull/skeleton. Relate the structures to the life habits of each organism.  (6)

Both Cats and humans have a slightly similar arrangement of bones in our individual limbs like how we have 2 bones in our forearms and cats have 2 bones in the bottom half of their leg. This helps the bone strength of these limbs.

We both also have forelimbs (Arms and front legs) and hind limbs (legs, back legs). These help both species develop a wide range of movements.

Cats on the other hand have a more flexible and longer spine compared to humans. This helps their agility and ability to leap.

Cats also have a more foreward focused face which is better for hunting while humans have a larger skull which helps with increased inteligence. 

8.  In general, how can evolutionary relationships be established using comparative anatomy?  (2)

Evolutionary relationships can be established by comparing the anatomy, like the similarities and differences in the physical structures of different organisms. Homologous structures can be used to see if 2 different species have a common ancestor.