Intro to Ap world FInal Review

Paleolithic- ends 8000 BC

No knowledge of farming, No written records, Cave paintings, Burial objects, Hunter Gatherers, Gender Equality, Little possessions, Nomadic Lifestyle

Neolithic Age

sometime between 10,000 and 8,000 BCE, Farming, More control over environment, Villages as settlement, Increase in warfare, possessions, and population, More patriarchy, Paleolithic persistence

1st wave of Urban revolution

Begins in 3,500 BCE, Emergence of civilization, Big scale agriculture, Innovation, River valleys and irrigation, Surplus farming

Classical Age

2nd wave- Begins around 600 BCE, Empires, Development of world beliefs, Cultural diffusion starts, Golden ages, Political leaders

Post classical- 3rd wave

Begins 600 CE - 1450, Southern-Eastern Dominance, Regional dominance- Byzantine, Atecs, Incas, Muslim

Shang dynasty

Oldest china dynasty, shi huangdi, the use of oracle bones

Zhou dynasty

Mandate of Heaven, First Feudal Dynasty , ends with the warring states period

Qin dynasty

Great wall of china, terracotta soldiers, legalism, bibliocausts and discouraged intellectualism

Han

Confucian Belief , Golden age with Paper,wheelbarrow and acupuncture, creation of the first civil service exam, silk road , Filial Piety, Empress Wudi

Sui dynasty

Reunited China,Grand Canal - Connected North and South of China.,1sts stable dynasty in 350 years since fall of Han,

Tang/song dynasty

Liberal Attitudes early on against religion,Spread Buddhism(was valued during han),Mechanic Clocks,Wu Zetian and Neo Confucianism, Foot Bindings, printing books and the creation of the middle class. Song had a big technological revolution.

Yan dynasty

Ruled by the mongols, excelled horseback riders, Marco Polo Visits,Pax Mongolia,Kublai Khan,First discoverence of the Bubonic Plague

Ming dynasty

Border cut off by 1433 because they didn't want anymore foreigners after Zheng He brought trade , Forbidden City,Return of Neo-confucianism ,Zheng He the Explorer,Silk road, Revived Civil Service Exam, China's last native imperial dynasty

Bantus group (africa)

8 out of 10 Africans are their descendants, first to use slash and burn

Cushites group (africa)

Indigenous white group in the ethiopian highlands, iron workers that are extinct

Delta group (africa)

Mix of Bantu and Cushites in Niger Delta

Pygmy group (africa)

Gatherer Hunter of the Rainforest- teeth shaving

Swahili group (africa)

East African Civ on the horn of africa

Nilo Hamites (africa)

Inhabit of the greek lakes region in militarish

Lingua Franca

The way tribes would communicate, kiswahili in the east and hausa in the west, also known as the trade language

Niger River region

No natural supplies of salt , without salt body cannot maintain fluids in the body, this area has a lot of gold in the river

Sahara Proper

Wealthy area that wanted the gold and had caravans and salt mine stocks

Mansa Musa

Controlled the gold and salt trade, converted to islam, gave away gold and messed up the economy of egypt , made timbuktu

Daoism

Embraces Wu-Wei “ Let it go” - Ying Yang which shows balance , meditation and this is a more personal religion “confucian by day daoist by night. Go with the flow.

Buddhism

Created by Siddhartha Gautama after manys days of meditation, 8th fold path and the four noble truths , State of enlightenment Nirvana , monasticism (monks and nuns) , recognize the different perspectives.

Christianity

Monotheistic. Dominant in Western Europe. Mixed a little bit in Middle east- bible

Islam

The five pillars of Islam, Recited what the angel said, The holy trip to mecca , No idolization, The caliphs who are used to spread the faith , Shi’a and Sunni Islam, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Abbasid had golden age.

Hinduism

Caste System, Reincarnation, No social Mobility, Dharma , karma, Polytheistic, the caste system weakens because of urbanization, law code of manu are patriarchal laws against women, Sati is a women killing herself in a fire if her husband dies before her.

Feudalism

Means decentralized government, person at the top doesn't have the most amount of power

Legalism

Political philosophy that emerged during the warring states period of china, strict laws and does not encourage intellectualism, law is the supreme authority , ruler must lead with a punishing hand, harsh.

Confucianism

Social Harmony like filial piety which is respect towards elders and influenced china's social structure and education system , made by confucius and then later branched off into neo confucianism - footbinding, 5 relationships, Golden rule

Animism

The belief that everything in nature has a spirit, including like rocks, plants and rivers, Dominant in Africa.

Byzantine empire

Capital is constantinople, Eastern half of the Roman Empire, Lasted until 1453, had many greek and roman philosophy, Ruler was Justinian and he made the Justinian Code , Strong Centralized government

Mongol Empire

Led by Genghis Khan, led by excellent horseback riders, physiological warfare, used bow and arrows, Attacked Middle East , China and Russia. Golden horde. Pax Mongolica. Present day Mongolia.

Gunpowder Empires

Caused by mongol raids leads to the ottomans, safavids and mughals(india) all muslim empires

Gupta

Chandragupta 1 and 2 , hindu dominated but had religious tolerance, feudalism, many accomplishments including - base 10 dec system - concept of 0 - plastic surgery

Horticulture

Simple farming use hands or rakes, used by Neolithic people/egypt

Slash and Burn

A technique to farm used in africa, four quadrants Q1 Cassava,Q2 Cattle,Q3 Empty land for helping the soil and its nutrients, Q4 Burning of Grass

Surplus

Making more food than needed, populations grow when they have surplus farming

Subsistence

Making just enough food for the community. Farming on a small scale.

Terrace Farming

Used by inca where they made steps because they needed a flat piece of land to farm and they lived on mountains

Qaran

The origins of islam come from reciting what the angel said , called submission to allah

Bible

Used by christians, consists the ten commandments, moses, noah’s arc

Bhagavad Gita

The hindu holy text that guides readers when facing serious problems

Tripitaka

Buddhist holy text , also known as the basket of wisdom - features no gods

Constantinople

Hagia Sophia. Huge trading hub. Eastern Europe. In Between black sea and aegean sea

Mecca

Where the Hajj takes place, the holy trip of a lifetime where they walk around the kaaba. In the arabian peninsula

Baghdad

Capital of Islam. Big innovations and sciences there. Major golden age. Abbasid Caliphate created.

Mali

Gold and salt trade. controlled by mansa musa. Brought lots of wealth

Charlemagne

Holy Roman Emperor

Constantine

Brought Christianity to Rome. Edict of Milan. Founder of constantinople (big trading hub)

Asoka

Converted Mauryan empire to Buddhism. Was hated by Brahmin Priests. Ashoka was the cruel and grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. Eventually cared for people after brutal attacks.

Chandragupta Maurya

Buddhism, first emperor of Maurya

Neo - Confucianism

Foot binding. Used in Song China’s upper class for women. Shows that women cannot do anything without their husbands

Law Code of Manu

Hindu code of unfair patriarchal laws towards women

In the mongols did women have rights?

Yes

Sati

The self immolation of a upper caste hindu widow on her husband's funeral fire

Ethnocentrism

The thought that you are better than everyone else

Pax

Means peace , example Pax Romana and Pax mongolia , Pax Islamica.

Hellenism

Mystery Religion, Greek and Eastern Religion Combined, pythagorean theorem, Alexander the great's legacy,

Scholasticism

Faith that should and can be a bridge to knowledge. St. Thomas Aquinas. Used in Western Europe.

Guild System

Merchant Guilds - Hanseatic League. League that controls trade in North Europe.

Manor system

Big plot of land that was separated into different areas, the peasants (serfs) worked on the manor and the lords gave the serfs things in return. This was used during the Middle Ages . Western Europe.

Calphites

people who spread religion

Minoans

People of ancient crete, undeciphered language, palace at knossos that included the winding series of cordors, the story of the Minotaur the bull, the tale of Aegeus and Theseus with the colored sails, Hierarchy

Mycenaeans

trojan war, conquered crete

Hammurabi's code

The Code of Hammurabi includes many harsh punishments, sometimes demanding the removal of the guilty party's body But the code is also one of the earliest examples of an accused person being considered innocent until proven guilty.