biology : cell types and cell structures

What is a cell?

A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and it is often called the building block of life.

What are the two main types of cells?

The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells (without a nucleus, e.g., bacteria) and eukaryotic cells (with a nucleus, e.g., animal and plant cells).

What is the role of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, converting food into energy through the process of cellular respiration.

What is the function of the nucleus?

The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, storing genetic material (DNA) and coordinating activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), and it plays a role in detoxification and metabolism.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

What is the function of lysosomes?

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris, aiding in cellular cleanup.

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, helps maintain cell shape, and facilitates movement within the cell through its network of filaments and tubules.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and it is typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, examples include bacteria and archaea.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and it is generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, examples include animal and plant cells.

What are the main structures found in plant cells?

Plant cells contain structures such as a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.

What is the structure of fungal cells?

Fungal cells have a rigid cell wall made of chitin, and they lack chloroplasts, distinguishing them from plant cells.

What is unique about animal cells compared to plant cells?

Animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts, and they usually contain smaller vacuoles, relying on mitochondria for energy production.