AMERICAN LITATURE EARLY AMERICA

What happens in the "Earth on Turtle's Back?"

woman falls from sky, animals save her and the muskrat brings the earth up from the ocean for her to live on, which the turtle carries - live with respect for animals

What happens in "When Grizzlies Walked Upright?"

the Sky Spirit Chief was tired of the Sky, so recreated Mt. Shasta and the animals on earth, brought his family to live with him there, his daughter was blown away by the wind, bears raised her and she married the eldest bear son, their offspring where human - respect Grizzlies

What happens in "The Navajo Origin Legend?"

the gods create a man and women from buckskin, ears of corn, eagle feathers, and wind -the wind gave them life - the man and women were told to live together as husband and wife - honor creators, respect nature

What happens in the Genesis creation account?

Humans are created by God to rule the earth, they have free choice whether to love him back - live in awe of God and creation

What details did Olaudah Equiano include in his narrative?

toxic air, cramped space, extra fish tossed overboard, many prefer death to life, curiosity of the ship tools

What is Equiano's purpose in including these details?

showing the treatment of slaves, who are humans too, proving they are human

What is Olaudah Equiano's ultimate goal in the narrative?

abolish slavery by proving slaves to be human

Who wrote "The General History of Virginia?"

John Smith

What happens in "The General History of Virginia?"

ships come to Jamestown and provide food for money, struggles begin when the ship leaves, Smith is captured by Indians, Pocahontas saves him

What are some struggles in "The General History of Virginia?"

lack of food, terrible shelter, spent five months instead of two at sea

What are some triumphs in "The General History of Virginia?"

they have an "amazing and brave" leader, get food from the ships

How are Native Americans involved in "The General History of Virginia?"

brought food, Smith is taken by them, Pocahontas saves John from death

Who wrote "Of Plymouth Plantation?"

William Bradford

What happens in "Of Plymouth Plantation?"

storm, ship keeps sailing, find land, want to go south but rough waters, land at Cape Cod/Provincetown

What are some struggles in "Of Plymouth Plantation?"

fierce storms at sea, starving time (half died)

What are some triumphs in "Of Plymouth Plantation?"

healthy people care for the sick, only one died on the ship

How are Native Americans involved in "Of Plymouth Plantation?"

aloof at first, meet each other and create terms of peace

Tone

conveys an attitude towards the person addressed

Allusion

indirect reference to any person, place, or thing, real or fake

Denotation

meaning as defined in a dictionary

Connotation

overtones or suggestions of additional meaning a word gains from all the contexts it has been in the past

Smilie

comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as"

Metaphor

comparison of two unlike things using "to be"

Personification

a thing, animal, or abstract term is made human

Apostrophe

addressing someone/something invisible or not ordinarily spoken to

Hyperbole

exaggeration for effect

Metonymy

name of a thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it (White House press release - the people, not the building)

Synecdoche

use of a part to stand for the whole or vice versa (give me a hand)

Paradox

statement that first strikes a self-contradictory, but on reflection reveals deeper sense

Pun

play on words (shell-fish)

Euphony

harmonious effect when sounds of words connect with the meaning in a pleasing way of ear and mind

Cacophony

harsh, discordant effect

Onomatopoeia

representing a thing or an action by a word that imitates the sound associated with it

Alliteration

succession of similar consonant sounds

Assonance

repetition of vowel sounds

Rhyme

two or more words or phrases contain identical or similar vowel sound, and the consonant sounds after the vowel are identical

Slant Rhyme

final consonant sounds are same, vowel sounds different

End Rhyme

comes at the ends of lines

Internal Rhyme

in the middle

Rhythm

recurrence of stresses and pauses in a poem

Meter

stresses recur at fixed intervals

Who wrote "By Night When Others Soundly Slept?"

Anne Bradstreet

Who wrote "To My Dear and Loving Husband?"

Anne Bradstreet

Who wrote "Huswifery?"

Edward Taylor

Who wrote "Upon a Spider Catching a Fly?"

Edward Taylor

Who wrote "An Hymn to the Evening?"

Phillis Wheatley

What literary terms are in "To My Dear and Loving Husband?"

Hyperbole: more than whole mines of gold, rivers cannot quench

Metonymy: heavens reward us

What literary terms are in "By Night When Others Soundly Slept?"

Rhyme, metaphor: tears in a bottle

What literary terms are in "Huswifery?"

Metaphor: God making the author into something of value - spinning wheel and raw material (Bible)

What literary terms are in "Upon a Spider Catching a Fly?"

End rhyme: fling his sting

Metaphor: sin is a web, flies are innocents

What literary terms are in "An Hymn to the Evening?"

Metaphor: night is a curtain on the stage of the sky

Metaphor/Allusion: our hearts are a temple for God

What did Jonathan Edwards write?

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

Yale at 13, graduated top of class, masters in theology, leader of Great Awakening 1730-40s

What was Jonathan Edwards' theology?

God has absolute control, cannot be selfish, everything happens to glorify Him, believed in predestination

What are some vivid images used in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God?"

rock through a spider web, dammed water, bow and arrow

What is Ethos?

appeals to character, trustworthiness, credibility

What is Pathos?

appeals to emotion

What is Logos?

appeals to logic

What is an example of ethos in "The Declaration of Independence?"

if we are going to break away, we owe you an explanation - being honest

What is an example of ethos in "Speech in the Virginia Convention?"

I respect you, but I have to disagree -being honest, saying others are trustworthy

What is an example of pathos in "The Declaration of Independence?"

"all men are created equal" - an emotion for everyone because they may or may not have liked this idea

What is an example of pathos in "Speech in the Virginia Convention?"

"give me liberty or give me death" - desiring death over life in chains

What is an example of logos in "The Declaration of Independence?"

listing all the things Britain did to her colonies, explaining how they tried to keep peace and now are done with being hurt

What is an example of logos in "Speech in a Virginia Convention?"

if the British want peace, why did they send armed troops to the colonies? There are no enemies of Britain in the New World, just colonists

What are the values/requirements of a leader in the Iroquois constitution?

honesty, willingness to correction, looking out for all generations, patient

What are the values/requirements of a leader in the US Constitution?

age 25+, citizen for seven years, citizen of that state they want to represent, American wants a choice in their leaders, opposite of Britain

Who wrote "Speech in the Virginia Convention?"

Patrick Henry

Who wrote "The Declaration of Independence?"

Thomas Jefferson

Who wrote the Iroquois Constitution?

Dekanawidah