Module 6: Phase Changes, Water and Solutions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to phase changes, water properties, and solutions in chemistry.

Heat of Fusion

The amount of energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point.

Heat of Vaporisation

The amount of energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point.

Vapour Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapour in equilibrium with its liquid phase; increases with temperature.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between individual molecules; can affect boiling and melting points.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Attractive forces between polar molecules; involve positive and negative ends of molecules.

Hydrogen Bonding

Strong intermolecular attraction that occurs between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to F, O, or N.

Electrolytes

Substances that produce ions when dissolved in water; can be strong or weak depending on their conductivity.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains as much solute as can possibly dissolve at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that contains less solute than can dissolve at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than can normally dissolve at a given temperature.