Normal and abnormal end feels

hard - normal

bone to bone

soft (normal)

tissue approximation- knee flexion

firm (normal)

capsular and ligamentous stretching - shoulder flexion

tissue stretch

normal - ankle DF, shoulder ER, finger ext

early muscle spasm

abnormal - protective spasm following injuryla

late muscle spasm

abnormal - spasm due to instability or pain

“mushy” tissue stretch

abnormal - tight muscle

spasticity

abnormal - UMN lesion

hard capsular

abnormal - frozen shoulder

soft capsular

abnormal - synovitis, soft tissue edema

hard - bone to bone (abnormal)

osteophyte formation, heterotopic ossification, or other bony obstruction (in abnormal location)

empty

abnormal - muscle guarding or pain - acute subacromial bursitis

springy block

abnormal - meniscus tear

resting or loose-packed position

minimal surface contact and maximal joint play

perform joint mobilizations in this position

resting or loose packed

closed pack position

maximum surface contact and maximal tension

do not perform joint mobilizations in this position

closed pack position

grade mobs if muscle or pain guarding

I or II

grade mobs if no pain

III or IV

grade I mob

slow, small amplitude motion at beginning of range

grade II mob

slow, large amplitude motion within range but not reaching limit

grade III mob

slow, large amplitude motion in middle to end of available range

grade IV mob

slow, small amplitude motion at limit of available range and stressed into tissue resistance

grade V mob

high velocity, small amplitude thrust at limit of available range

boggy

abnormal - edema, joint swelling

rubbery

abnormal - muscle spasm

firm with decreased elasticity

abnormal - fibrosis of soft tissue

hypermobile

abnormal - too much motionh

hypomobile

abnormal - too little motion