Bacterio Exam 1 Review

What causes contagious equine metritis (CEM) ?

Taylorella equigenitalis

What type of bacteria is associated with contagious equine metritis (CEM) ?

gram negative rods

what agar does contagious equine metritis grow on?

chocolate agar

Does contagious equine metritis require CO2?

yes, it is microaerophilic

what does contagious equine metritis (Taylorella equigenitalis) not grow on?

MacConkey agar

Where is Taylorella equigenitalis harbored in? (associated with CEM)

urethral fossa and clitoral fossa

what are the symptoms of contagious equine metritis (CEM)?

high contagious, localized, venereal disease characterized by mucopurulent vaginal discharge and temporary infertility in mares

What symptoms do stallions develop for CEM (contagious equine metritis)?

NO signs

Is CEM (contagious equine metritis) a notifiable disease?

yes

what type of bacteria is associated with the brucella spp?

gram-negative, coccobacilli

what are characteristics of brucella spp?

catalase-positive, aerobic, capnophilic

what stain does brucella spp use?

Modified ziehl-neelsen stain (stains red)

what type of pathogen is brucella?

intracellular, oxidase-positive, urease-positive (except B. ovis)

how does transmission of brucella occur?

direct contact or fluids and tissues associated with abortions

Brucellae that lack LPS produce ____ _____, which are less virulent

rough colonies

______, a polyhydric alcohol, in placenta acts as growth factor

erythritol

What is important about brucella disease progression?

replicates within phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells

what brucella species is correlated to cattle abortion?

B. abortus

what brucella species is correlated to goat/sheep abortion and arthritis?

B. melitensis

what brucella species is correlated to pig abortion?

B. suis

what brucella species is correlated to dog abortion?

B. canis

what brucella species is correlated to sheep?

B. ovis

B. abortus could be used in a ______ ______

bioterrorist attack

what does leptospira look like?

tightly coiled spiral organisms with hooked ends

what type of bacteria is associated with leptospirosis?

gram negative

where do pathogenic strains of leptospirosis persist in?

renal tubules or genital tract

whaat is detrimental to the survivial of leptospirosis?

high temperature and acidic pH, does not replicate in environment

how does leptospira penetrate through?

intact mucous membranes of mouth, nose, or eyes OR softened skin

what does the CBC look like of an animal with leptospira?

increased BUN and creatinine

how do you diagnose leptospira?

microscopic agglutination test (MAT)

Is leptospira zoonotic?

yes

What bacteria is associated with listeriosis in ruminants?

listeria monocytogenes

what type of bacteria is listeria?

gram positive, non-spore forming rod

what is special about listeria's tolerance?

tolerates a wide temperture

Listeria monocytogenes vs. Listeria ivanovii?

monocytogenes: more pathogenic, CNS infection, disease in animals and humans

what are the three major syndromes of listeriosis in rumintants?

neural form, visceral form, abortions

what are the signs of listerosis?

depression, dropping ears, animal holds the head to one side, protrustion of the tongue, salivation, paralysis of face

where does listerosis penetrate in intestine?

M cells in peyers patches

What color is listerosis when illuminated?

blue-green color

what are the signs of tetanus?

characteristic clinical signs are spasmodic, tonic muscular contractions

what are the signs of botulusm?

characteristic clinical signs are flaccid paralysis

what are both tetanus and botulism caused by? what is the genus?

colostridium

Tetanus is a neurotoxin produced by what?

clostridium tetani

what is the appearance of clostridium tetani?

drum-stick

What are clinical findings correlated to tetanus?

lockjaw and sawhorse stance

what species are resisent to tetanus? which are most sensitive?

birds are resistant, horses and lambs are most sensitive

how would one diagnose tetanus?

gram stained, and anerobic culture

what are antitoxins?

specific antibody to a toxin. antitoxins are used AFTER an animal has potentially contracted a disease

what are toxoids?

inactivated toxin that induces antitoxin, toxoids are used as prophylactic measures

what is the causative agent for botulism?

clostridium botulnium

what species are most suscpetible to botulism?

water birds/poultry/ horeses/humans > cattle> dogs> cats> pigs

What botulinum type causes Limberneck?

C. botulinum type alpha

What botulinum type causes forage poisoning?

C. botulinum type beta

What botulinum type causes Lamsiekte?

C. botulinum type D

what is different about botulism entry?

example of a disease often mediated by bacterial exotoxin, not by the bacteria itself

How does one acquire botulism?

ingestion of toxin in food

What is the pathogen in cattle and sheep that causes thrombotic menigoenchpalities (TME)?

histophilus somni

what causes Glasser's disease in pigs?

haemophilus parasius

what type of bacteris is TME and glassers disease associted with?

gram-negative

what growth factor does h somni require?

none

what growth factor does h. parasuis require?

factor v

what are clinical signs of H somni?

some animals found dead, and other may present with high fever and depression, sometimes accompanied by blindness, lameness and ataxia

what is used for treatment of infection caused by H. somni in cattle?

oxytacycline

what does glasser's disease manifest as?

polyserositis and leptomeningitis

what are the post mortem findings of glasser's disease?

polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis

how is glasser's disease treated?

tetracycline, penicillin and potentiated sulfonamides

what is the causative agent for cryptococcosis?

Cryptococcus neoformans

in what species is cryptococcosis common?

cats

what is the reservoir for cryptococcosis?

soil

what are the clinical signs for cryptococcosis in cats?

hard, nodular skin swelling, most often over the bridge of the nose, neurologic abnormalities

what is the most common cause of pinkeye in the sheep?

clamydia percorum

what is the family chlamydiaceae associated with?

conjunctivitis

what are elementary bodies?

infectious extracellular chlamydiae

what are reticulate bodies?

non-infectious intracellular reproductive chlamydiae

what are the clinical signs of feline chlamydiosis?

unilateral or bilateral conjunctival congestion, clear ocular discharge (secondary infection with mycoplasma felis and staphylocuccus spp)

How would one diagnose feline chlamydiosis?

conjuctival swab

what is the treatment of feline chlamydiosis?

tetracyclines

what clamydial infection causes guinea pig conjunctivitis?

chamydia caviae

which breed of horse is more susceptible to equine recurrent uveitis?

appaloosa breed

the appaloosa breed with what genetic makeup is at increased risk of developing uveitis?

MHC class 1 haplotype ELA-A9

what is the most common infectious cause of equine recurrent uveitis in the united states?

leptospira interrogans servoar poma

how does molecular mimicry play into equinre recurrent uveitis?

resulting antibodies may cross-react with the eye proteins, leading to inflammation and or disruption of protein function

What does leptospira spp account for?

uveitis

what is the gold standard for diagnosing leptospirosis? (uveitis)

microscopic agglutination test (MAT)

what is the principal pathogen that causes infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) ?

moraxella bovis

what does infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) affect?

superficial structures of eyes

how is infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) transmitted?

direct contact, aerosals, through flies

describe moraxella

short gram-negative rods

virulent strains of moraxella are ______ and ________

fimbriated , hemolytic

what strain of moraxells is isolated from healthy animals and those with keratoconjunctivitis?

M. ovis

what strain of moraxella is isolated from animals affected by IBK. Possessed RTX toxin but is pathogenicity unproven?

M. bovoculi

what are the virulence factors of IBK?

fimbriae , hemolysin, fibrolysin, phosphatase, hyaluronidase, aminopeptidase

how is M. bovoculi differentiated from M. bovis?

based on positive phenylalanine deaminase test

what is otitis externa ?

inflammation of the external ear canal

otitis externa caused by lipophilic yeasts belongs to which genus?

malassezia

M. pachydermatis not only causes otitis externa, but also ?

seborrheic dermatitis

what does malassezia infection look like under the microscope?

shoe print

What causes candidiasis?

candida albicans

where is Candida albicans a normal inhabitant of?

nasopharynx, GI tract, and external genitalia (it is OPPORTUNISTIC)

what are three diseases that candidiasis causes in birds?

thrush, crop mycosis, sour crop