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why does carbon form so many compounds?
a carbon atom has four valence electrons and can bond with multiple atoms
how many electrons does carbon have?
six in two energy levels
what are the four outer electrons called?
valence electrons
how can carbon form multiple bonds at once?
because they form bonds by sharing valence electrons. and since they have four, they can have up to four different bonds at once.
Single bond
A bond between two atoms that is made up of only two electrons
Double bond
A bond made up of two pairs of electrons, a carbon atom can form a maximum of two.
Triple bond
A bond made up of three pairs of electrons, a carbon atom cannot form more than one.
how can carbon molecules form chains?
the ability to form bonds with other carbon atoms
Chemical formula
A combination of letters and numbers that have specific meanings
Subscript
The number at the bottom of an atom in the chemical formula that is used to tell how many of each type of atom is present in the molecule
Structural formula
Shows how atoms are connected
Two types of structural formulas
Full structural formula and simplified structural formula
Full structural formula
Shows all of the bonds between the atoms of a molecule
Simplified structural formula
Shows how atoms relate to one another within a molecule, but not every bond
Organic compound
A chemical compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and possibly other elements.
examples of organic compounds in nonliving things
nylon, fuel, paper, etc
examples of organic compounds in living things
found in the human body, animals, etc
categories of organic compounds
hydrocarbons, organic acids, carbohydrates
hydrocarbon
An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
simplest hydrocarbon
methane (ch₄)
Organic acid
An organic compound that has acidic properties
Organic acids are identified by a group of atoms called a _____
carboxyl, COOH
Carboyxl group
One oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom, and the other is single-bonded to the same carbon atom and a hydrogen atom
example of organic acids
citrus fruit
Carbohydrate
A neutral organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates often contain ____ hydrogen atom for every ___ oxygen atom
two; one
Simple carbohydrates
fruit, vegetables, milk
Complex carbohydrates
Long chains of sugar molecules
Rings
Can form from three or more carbon atoms
aromatic compounds
Molecules that include rings formed from six carbon atoms that are connected by alternating double and single bonds with a distinctive odor
Polymers
Molecules composed of the same repeating small groups of atoms joined together in long chains
Monomers
Repeating groups in a polymer
examples of polymers
cellulose, fat and nucleic acids
Note 
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