Chemical Bonds, Ionic, Covalent + Metallic

What is ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. It is a relatively strong attraction.

How are ionic compounds held together?

They are held together in a giant lattice (a regular structure that extends in all directions). Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions holds the structure together.

Give 5 examples of positive ions and 5 examples of negative ions. (give names of negative anions)

E.g. Positive: Na⁺ , Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, Rb⁺

E.g. Negative: Cl^- , Br^- , SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, OH^- (chloride, bromide, sulfate, nitrate, hydroxide)

What is important when working out a formula of an ionic compound?

Ionic compounds are electrically neutral, meaning positive and negative charges must balance each other.

How are ionic compounds formed? Explain in terms of MgO case.

By the reaction of a metal with a non-metal. Electron transfer occurs, where the metal gives away its outer shell electrons to the non-metal. For MgO, Mg (Group 2) gives up 2 electrons to become Mg²⁺
and O (Group 6) accepts 2 electrons to become O^2-
(oxide).

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two atoms.

What is metallic bonding?

Forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and nuclei of metal ions.