Macrophages in Inflammation Part 1

Less IL-23 leads to reduced IL-17 levels and toless G-CSF production, and finally, inconsequence to reduced granulopoiesis.

invasion sensors and antigen presentation,

phagocytosis, and

immunomodulation through production of various cytokines and growth factors. They areinvolved in healing and also have the ability to stimulate the acquired immune response.

immunomodulation through production of various cytokines and growth factors. They areinvolved in healing and also have the ability to stimulate the acquired immune response.

complement components such as C5.➢ Alarmins released by damage tissues also attract macrophages.➢ ✓ Defensins and other peptides from neutrophils attract monocyte and macrophages.

complement components such as C5.➢ Alarmins released by damage tissues also attract macrophages.➢ ✓ Defensins and other peptides from neutrophils attract monocyte and macrophages.

complement components such as C5.➢ Alarmins released by damage tissues also attract macrophages.➢ ✓ Defensins and other peptides from neutrophils attract monocyte and macrophages.

Activated neutrophils and endothelial cells produce CCL2/chemoattractant protein-1 under theinfluence of Interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Kill microorganisms in oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms. Unlike the neutrophils,macrophages can undertake sustained and repeated phagocytic activity.

Macrophages secrete collagenases and elastases that destroy connective tissue. Macrophagesalso release plasminogen activator that generates plasmin, another potent protease, in order tosoften up the local connective tissue matrix and allow effective penetration of damaged tissue.

Macrophages secrete collagenases and elastases that destroy connective tissue. Macrophagesalso release plasminogen activator that generates plasmin, another potent protease, in order tosoften up the local connective tissue matrix and allow effective penetration of damaged tissue.

Microbial products trigger macrophages to synthesize nitric oxide synthase (NOS2).

NOS2 uses NADPH and oxygen to act on L-arginine to produce nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide)and citrulline

It can react to superoxide anion to produce such highly reactive oxidants such as peroxynitriteand nitrogen dioxide radical.