Neurotransmitters and Hormones (copy)

Glutamate

Excitatory, associated with memory and learning

GABA

Inhibitory, associated with helps offset excitatory neurotransmitters. Deficit linked with anxiety.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Excitatory, associated with movement, learning, and memory. Deficit linked with Alzheimer’s.

Dopamine

Inhibitory (both depending on context, associated with pleasurable sensations, regulates movement, and addiction. Surplus linked with Schizophrenia. Deficit linked with Parkinson’s.

Substance P

Excitatory, associated with sending the body signals about pain.

Endorphins

Inhibitory, associated with endogenous morphine and pain perception. Surplus may lead to body may not be altered to pain. Deficit leads to heightened pain the body.

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. Fight, Flight, Freeze in body. Excitatory, increase arousal and hypervigilance. Excess linked with anxiety. Deficit linked with depression.

Serotonin

Inhibitory, associated with regulating mood, sleep, easing pain, hunger. Deficit linked with depressions.

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Hormone released by adrenal glands during stress (fight or flight)

HGH (Human Growth Hormone)

Stimulates growth and cell reproduction

Oxytocin (Hormone)

Promotes love, bonding, and connection

Melatonin (Hormone)

Regulates sleep and circadian rhythms

Thyroid Hormones

Regulate metabolism

Thymosin

Creates T cells to support immune system

Insulin (Hormone)

Lowers blood sugar and converts food into energy

Glucagon (Hormone)

Raises blood sugar when needed

Cortisol (Hormone)

Stress hormone

Estrogen (Hormone)

Regulates female reproductive system

Testosterone (Hormone)

Regulates male reproductive system

Pituitary Gland

Tells other glands what to do. Controls them. Produces HGH and Oxytocin.

Pineal Gland

Regulates sleep-wake cycles by producing melatonin.

Thyroid

Produces several hormones. Influences metabolism.

Thymus

Creates hormones that produce T-cells. Responsible for our immune system.

Pancreas

Produces insulin and Glucagon.

Adrenal Gland

Produces cortisol and epinephrine/norepinephrine.

Gonads

Produces estrogen and testosterone.