FBIM words 7

The standard for processor design is ___ because the original IBM PCs used an Intel 8086 processor and all the Intel (and AMD) chips that followed are downward compatible with this processor. This standard makes sure that you can run a software application designed 10 years ago on a new PC you bought yesterday.

i86

___ are small, specialized software programs that run on the Internet, on your computer, or on your mobile phone or tablet and are generally delivered over the Internet. Nowadays, we tend to use this term specifically for software developped for the mobile digital platform.

apps

___: An easy-to-use software tool with a graphical user interface for displaying web pages and for accessing the web and other Internet resources

web browser

___ are the most popular operating systems for corporate servers.

Microsoft Windows, Unix and Linux

___: Softwares which monitor, manage, and secure mobile devices that are deployed across multiple mobile service providers and across multiple mobile operating systems used in an organization. These tools enable the IT department to monitor mobile usage, install or update mobile software, back-up and restore mobile devices, and remove software and data from devices that are stolen or lost.

Mobile device management

The decision either to purchase your own IT assets or to rent them from external providers is typically called the ___ decision.

rent-versus-buy

___: Customers use software hosted by the vendor on the vendor's cloud infrastructure and delivered as a service over a network.

software as a service (SaaS)

___: Customers use infrastructure and programming tools supported by the cloud service provider to develop their own applications.

platform as a service (PaaS)

___: Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their information systems.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

A ___ maintains a large web server, or series of servers, and provides feepaying subscribers with space to maintain their websites.

web hosting service

Data ___ consists of activities for detecting and correcting data in a database that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant. It not only corrects errors but also enforces consistency among different sets of data that originated in separate information systems.

cleansing

Relational database systems try to enforce referential integrity rules to en-sure that relationships between coupled tables remain ___.

consistent

A data ___ is an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and their characteristics.

dictionary

In a client/server environment, the database management software (DBMS) resides on a dedicated computer called a database server. The DBMS receives the SQL requests and provides the required data. ___ transfers information from the organization's internal database back to the web server for delivery in the form of a web page to the user.

middleware

___: Parts or copies of the database are physically stored in one location and other parts or copies are maintained in other locations. Softwares make it possible to store information across millions of machines in hundreds of data centers around the globe, with special time-keeping tools to synchronize the data precisely in all of its locations and ensure the data are always consistent.

distributed database (or cloud database)

___: They represent data as two-dimensional tables. Each table contains data on an entity and its attributes. Some tables contain an attribute that points to another line of another table of the database.

relational database

___: They use a more flexible data model and are designed for managing large data sets across many distributed machines and for easily scaling up or down. They are useful for accelerating simple queries against large volumes of structured and unstructured data, including web, social media, graphics, and other forms of data.

non-relational database

___: A database technology that enables firms and organizations to create and verify transactions on a network nearly instantaneously without a central authority. The system stores transactions as a distributed ledger among a network of computers. The information held in the database is continually reconciled by the computers in the network.

blockchain database

Each table in a relational database has one field that is designated as its ___. This field is the unique identifier for all the information in any row of the table and it cannot be duplicated.

primary key

Businesses are interested in big data because they can reveal more ___ and interesting relationships than smaller data sets, with the potential to provide new insights into customer behavior, weather patterns, financial market activity, or other phenomena.

patterns

A ___ is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and controlling redundant data.

database

An ___ is a person, place, thing, or event on which we store and maintain information. Each characteristic or quality describing a particular ___ is called an attribute.

entity

A ___ is software that enables an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs. It relieves the programmer or end user from the task of understanding where and how the data are actually stored by separating the logical and physical views of the data.

database management system (DBMS)

Data ___ is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location. It occurs when different groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of data and store it independently of each other.

redundancy

The database management system (DBMS) can help control data ___ (but not eliminate it).

redundancy

Big data is often characterized by the "3Vs": the extreme ___ of data, the wide ___ of data types and sources, and the ___ at which data must be processed.

volume, variety, velocity

The most popular type of DBMS today for PCs as well as for larger computers and mainframes is the ___ database management system (DBMS).

relational

An information ___ specifies the organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information. It lays out specific procedures and accountabilities, identifying which users and organizational units can share information, where information can be distributed, and who is responsible for updating and maintaining the information.

policy

An effective ___ system provides users with accurate, timely, and relevant ___. Accurate ___ is free of errors. ___ is timely when it is available to decision makers when it is needed. ___ is relevant when it is useful and appropriate for the types of work and decisions that require it.

information

a group of records of the same type is called a ___

file

A group of bits, called a ___, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.

byte

___: Occurrences linked to a single event.

association

___: Occurrences that are linked to multiple events over time.

sequences

___: A data mining tool can discover different groupings within data, such as finding affinity groups for bank cards or partitioning a database into groups of customers based on demographics and types of personal investments.

clustering

___: Recognizes patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs by examining existing items that have been classified and by inferring a set of rules. For example, businesses such as credit card or telephone companies worry about the loss of steady customers.

classification