Pathology Sources, Key Processes, and Disease Mechanisms

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28 Terms

1
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What is hyperemia?

Dilation of capillaries.

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What is a syndrome in pathology?

A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition.

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What are hereditary or congenital diseases?

Genetic or inborn diseases.

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What is phagocytosis?

The process by which leukocytes remove cellular debris.

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What distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and invade nearby tissue.

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What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?

Heat (Calor), Redness (Rubor), Pain (Dolor), Swelling (Tumor), Loss of Function (Functio laesa).

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What is the definition of etiology in pathology?

The study of the cause or origin of a disease.

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What is an iatrogenic condition?

An adverse condition resulting from medical treatment.

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What is ischemia?

Obstruction or reduction of blood flow to an organ or structure.

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What is an infarct?

Tissue death (necrosis) due to complete loss of blood supply.

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What is atrophy?

A decrease in the size of cells within an organ or structure.

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What is hypertrophy?

An abnormal increase in cell size.

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What is a neoplasm?

The abnormal proliferation of cells, forming a mass or tumor.

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What is the difference between acute and chronic leukemia?

Acute leukemia involves immature blood cells that cannot fight infection, while chronic leukemia involves mature but non-functional blood cells.

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What is a nosocomial infection?

An infection acquired in a healthcare setting.

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What is an abscess?

A walled-off ball of pus that requires drainage.

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What is the significance of the term idiopathic?

It refers to a disease with an unknown cause.

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What is the role of antibiotics in treating infections?

Antibiotics are ineffective against infections caused by a lack of blood supply.

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What is edema?

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body, also known as swelling.

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What is a hematoma?

A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels.

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What is the difference between transudates and exudates?

Transudates are watery and clear, while exudates contain infected fluid (pus, bacteria).

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What is cachexia?

A syndrome characterized by fatigue, atrophy, weakness, and anorexia, common in late-stage cancer.

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What is the primary method of cancer treatment?

Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

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What are the common sites for carcinoma?

Breast, colon, pancreas.

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What is the significance of Reed-Sternberg cells?

They are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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What is the role of the lymphatic system in cancer?

It is involved in the primary spread of lymphatic cancers.

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What is the study of tumors called?

Oncology.

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What are the common causes of atrophy?

Lack of physical activity, poor nourishment, and nerve damage.