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What is hyperemia?
Dilation of capillaries.
What is a syndrome in pathology?
A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition.
What are hereditary or congenital diseases?
Genetic or inborn diseases.
What is phagocytosis?
The process by which leukocytes remove cellular debris.
What distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?
Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and invade nearby tissue.
What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat (Calor), Redness (Rubor), Pain (Dolor), Swelling (Tumor), Loss of Function (Functio laesa).
What is the definition of etiology in pathology?
The study of the cause or origin of a disease.
What is an iatrogenic condition?
An adverse condition resulting from medical treatment.
What is ischemia?
Obstruction or reduction of blood flow to an organ or structure.
What is an infarct?
Tissue death (necrosis) due to complete loss of blood supply.
What is atrophy?
A decrease in the size of cells within an organ or structure.
What is hypertrophy?
An abnormal increase in cell size.
What is a neoplasm?
The abnormal proliferation of cells, forming a mass or tumor.
What is the difference between acute and chronic leukemia?
Acute leukemia involves immature blood cells that cannot fight infection, while chronic leukemia involves mature but non-functional blood cells.
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection acquired in a healthcare setting.
What is an abscess?
A walled-off ball of pus that requires drainage.
What is the significance of the term idiopathic?
It refers to a disease with an unknown cause.
What is the role of antibiotics in treating infections?
Antibiotics are ineffective against infections caused by a lack of blood supply.
What is edema?
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body, also known as swelling.
What is a hematoma?
A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
What is the difference between transudates and exudates?
Transudates are watery and clear, while exudates contain infected fluid (pus, bacteria).
What is cachexia?
A syndrome characterized by fatigue, atrophy, weakness, and anorexia, common in late-stage cancer.
What is the primary method of cancer treatment?
Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
What are the common sites for carcinoma?
Breast, colon, pancreas.
What is the significance of Reed-Sternberg cells?
They are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
What is the role of the lymphatic system in cancer?
It is involved in the primary spread of lymphatic cancers.
What is the study of tumors called?
Oncology.
What are the common causes of atrophy?
Lack of physical activity, poor nourishment, and nerve damage.