Cellular Energetics

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate

How does ATP provide energy for cells?

By breaking its bond to release stored energy

What types of organisms use ATP?

Plants, animals, bacteria, fungi

Define autotroph and give an example.

An organism that can produce its own food; e.g., algae.

Define heterotroph and give an example.

An organism that cannot produce its own food; e.g., humans.

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Water, light, and carbon dioxide

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Oxygen and glucose

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

To make energy.

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast.

Which types of organisms perform photosynthesis?

Plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Is energy stored or released during photosynthesis?

Stored.

What does ‘complementary’ mean in the context of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

They use each other's products to function.

What is the importance of pigments for photosynthesis?

They absorb as much sunlight as possible

What is the main pigment in chloroplasts?

Green.

Why does chlorophyll look green?

plants reflect green light

What is the difference between chloroplast and chlorophyll?

Chloroplast is where photosynthesis occurs; chlorophyll is the pigment.

What are the two types of fermentation?

Alcoholic and lactic acid.

When does a cell switch from cellular respiration to fermentation?

When a cell runs out of oxygen.

Is cellular respiration an aerobic or anaerobic process?

Aerobic.

Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?

Mitochondria.

What are the advantages of cellular respiration?

More ATP is made.

What are the advantages of fermentation?

No oxygen is required.

What are the disadvantages of cellular respiration?

Requires oxygen.

What are the disadvantages of fermentation?

Less ATP is made.

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP (36-38).

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Oxygen and glucose.

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

To turn energy into food.

How many ATP are produced through aerobic respiration?

36-38.

What gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Oxygen.

What is the main function of chloroplasts in plants?

To carry out photosynthesis.

How do autotrophs contribute to the ecosystem?

They produce their own food and provide energy for other organisms.

what goes into the calvin cycle and what is released

carbon dioxide, glucose(sugar)

what goes into the light reaction and what is released

light and water goes in, oxygen comes out

what goes from the light reaction to the calvin cycle

atp and nadph

what goes from the calvin cycle to light reactions

adp and nadp