Cellular Energetics

Cellular Energetics

  1. What does ATP stand for?

    1. Adenosine triphosphate

  2. How can ATP be used as a source of energy for cells?

    1. Provides energy by breaking its bond to release stored energy

  3. What types of organisms use ATP?

    1. Plants, animals, bacteria, fungi

  4. Define autotroph and provide an example.

    1. An organism that can produce its own food, algae is an example

  5. Define heterotroph and provide an example.

    1. An organism that cannot produce its own food, humans are an example

  6. Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration:

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

Reactants:

Water, light, and carbon dioxide

Oxygen and glucose

Products:

Oxygen and glucose

Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

Equation:

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (36-38)

Purpose:

To make energy

To turn energy into food

Organelle:

chloroplast

mitochondria

Done by autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both?

autotrophs

both

Types of organisms that do this process (bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants animals):

Plants, algae, and some bacteria

Animals, plants, fungi

Energy stored or released?

stored

released

  1. What does the word “complementary” mean in terms of the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

    1. They are complementary because they use each other’s products to work.


Photosynthesis

  1. What is the importance of pigments for photosynthesis?

    1. Pigments absorb sunlight, which plants use to make food during photosynthesis

  2. What is the main pigment in the chloroplasts of plants?

    1. green

  3. Why does chlorophyll look green?

    1. Absorbs red and blue light and reflects green

  4. What is the difference between the chloroplast and chlorophyll?

    1. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis is done and chlorophyll is the pigment in chloroplasts


Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

  1. What are the two types of fermentation?

    1. Alcoholic and lactic acid

  2. When would a cell switch from cellular respiration to fermentation?

    1. When a cell runs out of oxygen

  3. Compare cellular respiration and fermentation:

Cellular Respiration

Fermentation

Is this process aerobic or anaerobic?

aerobic

anaerobic

Location in cell:

mitochondria

cytoplasm

Advantages:

More ATP is made

No oxygen is required

Disadvantages:

Requires oxygen

Less ATP is made