nervous system: diseases and drugs part 1

What are the 6 common types of anxiety

Anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic attacks, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias

What is anxiety?

Intense emotional state of apprehension, worry and fear

What are symptoms of anxiety

Trembling, muscle tension, sweating, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

-chronic excessive worry

-6 months or more

What are symptoms of GAD

trembling, muscle tension, impaired concentration, fatigue, uncontrollable worry, irratibility

What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

-recurring, unwanted thoughts, obsessions

-repetitive behavior compulsions

What are symptoms of OCD

Repetitive handwashing, repetitive counting

What are panic attacks

-sudden intense episodes of fear

What are symptoms of panic attacks

Shaking/trembling, racing heart, dizziness, sweating, tingling, chest pains

What is post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD)

-Avoid reminders of trauma

-experience anxiety and arousal

What is social anxiety disorder (SAD)

-extreme fear of social or performance situations

What are symptoms of SAD

Heart palpitations, sweating, blushing, social interaction avoidance

What is specific phobias

-intense and irrational fear

-immediate anxiety response

-avoidance

What is anxiety neurologically

if the brain has too much glutamate and not enough GABA the brain is imbalanced and experiences anxiety

What is GABA

calms the brain

What is glutamate

Excites the brain

what are benzodiazepines for anxiety

Alprazolam- Xanax

Clonazepam- klonopin

Diazepam- Valium

lorazepam- Ativan

What are SSRIs

SSRI blocks reabsorption of serotonin increasing the amount of Serotonin in the brain allowing better communication

What are SSRIs for anxiety

Escitalopram- lexapro

Citalopram- Celexa

Sertraline- Zoloft

What are side effects of SSRIs

Suicidal thoughts

What do beta blockers do

Manage rapid heart beat and breathing difficulty

What are beta blockers for anxiety

Propranolol- atenolol

Medications for anxiety

Benzodiazepines, SSRIs, beta blockers

What is the definition of depression

Despair and hopelessness

What are the 3 subtypes of depression

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), postpartum depression, dysthymia

What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Occurs in specific seasons

What is postpartum depression

After childbirth

What is dysthymia

Chronic long lasting depression

What is depression in neurotransmitter terms

Low serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine

What are SSRIs for depression

Citalopram- celexa

Escitalopram- lexapro

Fluoxetine- Prozac

Paroxetine- Paxil

Sertraline- Zoloft

What are SNRIs for depression

Venlafaxine- Effexor

Duloxetine- cymbalta

What are TCAS for depression

amitriptyline- elavil

Bupropion- Wellbutrin XL

Trazodone- desyrel

Treatment for bipolar disorder

Lithium ion

Bipolar disorder in simple terms

Deficiency of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine causes depression

Excess of norepinephrine causes mania

What is psychosis

loss of touch with reality, disrupted thoughts

What is schizophrenia

Specific type of psychosis

What are symptoms of schizophrenia

Illogical thoughts, paranoia, etc

Treatments for schizophrenia

Antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics

What are antipsychotics

Block dopamine receptors

What are atypical antipsychotics

Block dopamine and serotonin receptors

Antipsychotic medications

Olanzapine- zyprexa

Quetiapine- seroquel

Aripiprazole- abilify

Atypical antipsychotic medications

Risperidone- risperdal

Ziprasidone- geodon

Antipsychotic and atypical antipsychotic drug interactions

-Antihypertensive agents

-antiepiletics

-anticonvulsants

-anti Parkinson’s medications

What is insomnia

Persistent sleeping difficulties

What are the symptoms of Insomnia

-trouble initiating sleep

-frequent awakenings

-waking too early

-fatigue

What are treatments for insomnia

Hypnotics, sedatives, benzodiazepines

Hypnotic for insomnia

Eszopiclone- lunesta

Sedative for insomnia

Zolpidem- ambien

Which medication is classified as a SSRI used to treat anxiety and depression

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Which of the following medication is classified as a SSRI

Citalopram

What is the primary use of sedatives in the treatment of insomnia?

To calm, soothe, and relax the patient

What is the generic name for the brand-name medication Ambien a sedative prescribed to help people with insomnia and fall asleep

Zolpidem

Which of the following is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety management?

Alprazolam

Which neurotransmitter deficiency is often correlated with anxiety

GABA

What type of medication is commonly prescribed for anxiety and works by enhancing the effects of GABA

Benzodiazepines

Which of the following is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Which of the following are some types of depression

SAD, dysthymia , GAD

Chronic worry about every day issues

GAD

Continuous, and reoccurring thoughts leading to compulsions

OCD

Sudden onset of intense fear or discomfort

panic attack

Seasonal changes affecting mood

SAD

Depression

SSRI

Physical symptoms of anxiety, such as angina

beta blockers

Insomnia

Sedative/hypnotic

Which drug classification is used for onset and maintenance

Sedative hypnotic

What is the primary use of antipsychotic drugs?

to manage conditions like schizophrenia

Which type of medication is typically used first line for treatment of GAD

SSRI

Which of the following symptoms are commonly associated with a panic attack

Palpitation, sweating, trembling, and nausea