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Depressive Disorders
Mental health conditions with persistent low mood.
Common Features
Depressed mood, cognitive, and somatic symptoms present.
Clinical Distress
Significant impairment in daily functioning.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Irritable mood with temper outbursts in children.
Onset Age for DMDD
Symptoms must appear before age 10.
Developmental Age for DMDD
Diagnosis valid between ages 6 and 18.
Mood Between Outbursts
Persistently irritable or angry most days.
Settings for DMDD
Symptoms present in at least 2 of 3 settings.
Major Depressive Disorder
Also known as major depression or clinical depression.
Symptoms Duration for MDD
5 symptoms present for 2-week period.
Depressed Mood
Must occur most of the day.
Diminished Interest
Severe loss of pleasure in activities.
Weight Change Criteria
More than 5% weight change in 1 month.
Insomnia
Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
Hypersomnia
Excessive sleepiness nearly every day.
Psychomotor Agitation
Increased movement, jitteriness, or restlessness.
Psychomotor Retardation
Slowed movement and reaction times.
Fatigue
Loss of energy regardless of sleep quality.
Feelings of Worthlessness
Inappropriate guilt or delusional thoughts.
Cognitive Impairment
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
Suicidal Ideation
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Lasts 2 years; 1 year for children.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Severe symptoms impacting daily functioning.
PMDD Symptoms Timing
Symptoms worsen before menses, improve afterward.
Substance-Induced Depression
Depression caused by drugs or medications.
Medical Condition Depression
Depression linked to physiological effects of illness.
Hypothyroidism
Can mimic symptoms of depression.
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Traumatic events affecting long-term health.
Examples of ACEs
Include abuse, domestic violence, and parental loss.
Biological Model of Depression
Focuses on genetic and physiological factors.
Environmental Factors
Non-genetic influences on mental health.
