SA Nursing 2- Ear Disorders

fluctuant, fluid filled swellings on the concave surface of the pinna from fractured cartilage

aural hematoma

extremely pruritic; diagnose via skin scrape of treatment treat; only see mites half of the time; zoonotic

sarcoptes scabiei

sarcoptes scabiei is worse with what class of drugs

steroids

disease of the pinnae in cats; heavy crusts at the ear margins; diagnose via skin scrape

notoedres cati

what type of neoplasia are cats (specifically white) more likely to get than dogs on the pinnae

squamous cell carcinoma

inflammation of the epithelium of the external ear canal

otitis externa

etiology that creates disease in normal ear due to alteration in aural environment (allergy, foreign body parasites..)

primary etiology

etiology that creates disease in an abnormal ear (bacteria, fungal, yeast, trauma...)

secondary

etiology that contributes to or promotes otitis externa by altering structure, physiology, function of canal

factors

factor dealing with ear conformation and excessive moisture leading to otitis externa

predisposing

factor that deals with things like ear canal stenosis or glandular hyperplasia leading to otitis externa

perpetuating

this causes black, dry exudate that looks like coffee grounds

mites

these cause moist brown exudate

yeast or gram positive bacteria

this causes white or yellow moist exudate

gram negative bacteria

if ____ is present when doing an ear cytology ALWAYS do culture and sensitivity

rods

procedure where a needle is inserted through the tympanic membrane to collect fluid from the middle ear in order to perform a cytology and culture and sensitivity

myringotomy

always make sure the ___ ___ is intact before instilling any cleaner or medication into the ear

tympanic membrane

electrodiagnostic tool that will show if the patient is deaf or not but cannot interpret severity

brainstem auditory evoked response

___ deafness is caused by abnormal development of the spiral organ of the cochlea; commonly effected breeds are white cats with blue eyes, Dalmatians, border collies, and aussies

congenital

___ deafness may be difficult to determine if only one ear is affected; loss of neural cells in the inner ear with age can cause this as well as trauma, neoplasia, chronic proliferative otitis, and ototoxic drugs

acquired

what is an ototoxic substance that we use commonly to prep an animal for surgery

chlorhexidine

can be caused by a wide variety of drugs; clinical signs are vestibular disease and deafness; why you must make sure tympanic membrane is intact before instilling anything into the ear

ototoxicty

extension of bacterial otitis externa or externa media; presents as vestibular disease, can have facial nerve paralysis, and can extend to the brain; treat as for otitis media

otitis interna

head tilt, nystagmus, ataxia, and circling are clinical signs of what

vestibular disease

indicated when chronic, proliferative, calcified, stenotic canals leading to inability to instill medications; will be deaf; potential irreversible facial nerve paralysis

total ear canal ablation

if you suspect middle ear involvement when working an otitis externa case it could be beneficial to take xrays of what

skull

saline or alkaline ear cleaners containing ____ can be instilled in the ear if the tympanic membrane is ruptured

TrisEDTA

when treating otitis externa, acute exudative lesions need ___ solutions/lotions

aqueous

when treating otitis externa dry lesions need ____ ointment/oil-based/creams

rehydrating

if a dog with otitis externa has a systemic bacterial infection what drug should you use as your first line of defense

cephalexin

clinical sign of otitis media that is caused bc the facial nerve travels close to the bullae and can become inflamed or entrapped by chronic inflammation

facial nerve paralysis

clinical sign of otitis media caused bc the sympathetic nerve courses close to bullae; symptoms are ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, prolapsed 3rd eyelid

Horner's syndrome

drooping upper eyelid

ptosis

small pupil

miosis

retracted globe of eye

enophthalmos

how long does medical treatment of otitis media with antibiotics typically last based on culture and sensitivity

6-8 weeks

besides a TECA what other surgical procedure can be performed to correct otitis media

bullae osteotomy

what malignant neoplasia occurs most commonly in the ears

adenocarcinoma

what benign neoplasia is most commonly seen in the ears; they are typically seen in cats under 2 years of age and extend from the lining of the tympanic cavity, auditory canal, and/or nasopharynx

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inflammatory polyps

otodectes cynotis

ear mite

disease of the pinnae in cats; heavy crusts at the ear margins; diagnose via skin scrape

notoedres cati

cutaneous marginal pouch

orange line

lateral border

green line (lateral side)

medial border of ear

green line(medial side)

apex

top green line