a&p 2 lab practical

White Matter

Grey Matter

Dorsal Horn

Ventral Horn

Grey Commissure

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Dorsal Roots

Ventral Roots

Posterior Median Sulcus

Central Canal

Anterior Median Fissure

Dorsal Root Ganglion

gyrus

ridges

sulcus

grooves

central sulcus

divides the frontal lobe from parietal lobe

lateral sulcus

divide from temporal

longitudinal sulcus

divides hemi- left and right

pituitary gland

master endocrine gland

hypothalamus

maintenance function

thalamus

relays messages between lower brain and cortex

mammillary bodies

used for feeding reflexes

fornix

to limbic system connects mammillary bodies to temporal lobe

third ventricle

lines the thalamus

cerebral aqueduct

connects third and fourth ventricles

cerebellum

voluntary movement and balance

arbor vitae

connects stem to cerebellum

brainstem-midbrain

process visual/ auditory info - arousal

brainstem-pons

respiration control relays info

brainstem-medulla

heart beat and breathing

insula

taste

corpus callosum

communicates between two hemispheres

pineal gland

sleep/wake cycle- melatonin

corpora quadrigemina

process info

lateral ventricle

contains cerebral spinal fluid

fourth ventricle

connects to central canal

choroid plexus

secretion spinal fluid

Olfactory Nerve (I) 1

Function: Sensory-Sense of smell

Exit: Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Optic Nerve (II) 2

Function: Sensory-Sense of Sight

Exit: Optic Canal

Oculomotor Nerve (III) 3

Function: Motor-Controls eye movement, pupil constriction, & eyelid movement

Exit: Superior orbital fissure

Trochlea Nerve (IV) 4

Function: Motor-Lateral (side to side) eye movement

Exit: Superior orbital fissure

Trigeminal Nerve (V) 5

Function: Both

1. Ohpthalmic-Sensory-orbital

2. Maxillary-Sensory-upper teeth

3. Mandibular-Mixed-

Sensory-muscles for swallowing and anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor-opening jaw, chewing (mastication)

Exit: Superior orbital fissure, Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale

Abducens Nerve (VI) 6

Function: Motor-Eye movement

Exit: Superior orbital fissure

Facial Nerve (VII) 7

Function: Both

Sensory-

Motor-Facial Expressions

Exit: Internal acoustic meatus

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) 8

Function: Sensory-Hearing, equillibrium (balance)

Exit: Internal acoustic meatus

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) 9

Function: Both

Sensory-Taste, respiration, blood pressure

Motor- Swallowing & gagging

Exit: Jugular foramen

Vagus Nerve (X) 10

Function: Both

Sensory-Taste, hunger, and GI Tract

Motor-Digesting food, plump blood

Exit: Jugular foramen

Accessory Nerve (XI) 11

Function: Motor-Moving head and shrugging shoulders

Exit: Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) 12

Function: Motor-Movement of the tongue and for speech

Exit: Hypoglossal canal

Cerebrum

It is large, is the dominant brain structure, with many folds and crevices enveloping the diencephalon.

Cerebellum

Posterior to the brain stem.

Diencephalon

Superior to the brain stem in the center of the brain.

Brain stem

Connected to the superior part of the spinal cord.

Corpora quadrigemina

Composed of 2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi.

Midbrain

A smaller area superior to the pons and inferior to the diencephalon, consisting of cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina.

Pons (Bridge)

An expanded structure located superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum, and has respiratory centers that assist the medulla oblongata in controlling breathing.

Medulla oblongata

The first brain structure, is immediately superior to the spinal cord and is the most vital part of the brain because it houses the respiratory and cardiovascular control centers.

Arbor vitae (Tree living)

When cut in sagittal section, gray matter can be observed on the exterior, with deeper white matter.

Cerebellar cortex

The outer layer of gray matter.

Mammillary body

Two small, round masses located just posterior to the infundibulum are relay stations for smell and taste reflexes.

Pineal gland

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Looks like a large pea and is attached to the end of the infundibulum. The hypothalamus control it.

Central sulcus (furrow)

Shallow groove separating frontal lobe from parietal lobe.

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Frontal lobe

Insula

An inner lobe that lies deep to the lateral cerebral fissure and is not visible from the exterior.

Temporal lobe

Central sulcus

Lateral ventricle

Choroid plexus

Third ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

Fourth ventricle