Eye and Ear Disorders Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering eye infections, refractive errors, vision loss disorders, and various ear pathologies based on the lecture material.

Blepharitis

Inflammation of the eyelids characterized by crusted eyelashes and blocked meibomian glands.

Hordeolum (Stye)

An infection of the oil gland on the edge of the eyelid causing pain, tearing, and sensitivity to light.

Chalazion

A hard bump on the eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland, defined by swelling and blurry vision.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva that may be bacterial, viral, allergic, or caused by trauma or chemical injury.

Myopia

Nearsightedness caused by an elongated eyeball where light focuses in front of the retina.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness caused by a short eyeball where light focuses behind the retina.

Astigmatism

A refractive error where light does not focus directly on the retina, often corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Presbyopia

An age-related condition involving decreased accommodation because the lens hardens and is unable to change shape.

Cataracts

A clouding or opacity of the lens often caused by UV light exposure, steroid use, or injury.

Mydriatics

Medications used for pupil dilation that are contra-indicated in patients with glaucoma.

Glaucoma

A condition of increased intra-ocular eye pressure (IOP) to the anterior chamber of the eye.

Tonometer

A diagnostic tool used to measure increased intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in suspected glaucoma cases.

Miotics

Medications like prostaglandins (Xalatan) that constrict the pupil to increase drainage through the canal of Schlemm.

Retinal Detachment

A rip or tear in the retina that allows vitreous humor to seep underneath and cause separation from the choroid.

Macular Degeneration

Deterioration of the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to a progressive loss of central vision.

Drusen spots

Small yellow fatty deposits that lead to retinal thinning in the dry type of macular degeneration.

Amsler Grid

A diagnostic tool for macular degeneration where the patient reports if lines appear wavy or areas are blank.

Lucentis (ranibizumab)

A medication administered via injection used to treat wet Macular Degeneration.

Otitis Media

An infection of the middle ear, often bacterial, which shows an increased incidence in bottle-fed babies.

Mastoiditis

Inflammation of the mastoid process, also referred to as osteomyelitis.

Otosclerosis

Progressive deafness caused by the formation of new bone that prevents the stapes from transmitting impulses.

Stapedectomy

A surgical procedure where a prosthetic device replaces the stapes to treat otosclerosis.

Meniere's Disease

An inner ear dysfunction characterized by the triad of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

Presbycusis

Hearing loss related to aging, specifically the inability to hear high-pitched sounds and spoken words.

Antivert

A medication used to control symptoms, such as vertigo, in Meniere's Disease.